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Vocabulary Glossary 1. Agar: Culture medium having a gelatin base 2. Agarose Gel: Complex sugar obtained from agar gelatin that is the most widely-used medium for gel electrophoresis procedures 3. Autoradiography: Process of making images of radiation emitted from a specimen 4. Blunt Ends: Ends of new molecules made from cleaving DNA 5. Clones: Cell, cell products, or organisms genetically identical to the unit from which they were derived 6. DNA Ligase: Type of enzyme that can link two DNA strands together 7. EcoRI: Enzyme isolated from E. coli used as a restriction enzyme 8. Electroporation: Applying an electric current to a living surface in order to open pores through which something may pass 9. Ethidium Bromide: Fluorescent biological dye used to stain nucleic acids 10. Gel Electrophoresis: Technique to separate protein molecules of various sizes by moving them through a block of gel 11. Introns: Non-coding segments of DNA interrupting a gene-coding sequence 12. Marker DNA: Gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome which can be used to identify cells of an individual or species 13. Oligonucleotides: Chain of nucleotides 14. Plasmid: Segment of DNA independent from the chromosome and capable of replication 15. Primer: Segment of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a given DNA sequence needed to initiate replication by DNA polymerase 16. Recombinant DNA: DNA in which one or more segments or genes from another molecule have been inserted to create a new genetic combination CTAE Resource Network CTAE Applications of Biotechnology, ABT 7 Written by: Dallas Duncan, May 2010 Page 1 of 2 17. Restriction Digest: Procedure used to prepare DNA for analysis and other processing by cleaving DNA at specific sites 18. Restriction Enzyme: Group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of DNA molecules at specific sites 19. Restriction Map: Map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA 20. Restriction Site: Place on a DNA molecule where a restriction enzyme acts 21. Reverse Transcriptase: DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA 22. Selection: Any process resulting in a population reproducing with inheritable traits of only certain members being passed on to offspring 23. Taq Polymerase: Heat-stable DNA polymerase named after the bacteria Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated 24. Thermal Cycler: Lab apparatus used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction 25. Transformation: To cause a cell to undergo a genetic change 26. Ultraviolet Light: Radiation with wave lengths shorter than light but longer than x-rays 27. Vector: Virus or plasmid that conveys a genetically engineered DNA segment into a host cell CTAE Resource Network CTAE Applications of Biotechnology, ABT 7 Written by: Dallas Duncan, May 2010 Page 1 of 2