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Name Melissa Scott Class Living Environment Date 7/10/08 Teacher Ms. Scott Standards Tested Question # 1.2g 1 1.2j 2, 12 5.1d 3, 7, 11 1.2i 4, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23 1.2h 5, 15 4.1b 6, 21, 22 1.2d 8 5.1g 9 1.2f 10, 13,14 5.1b 19 Percentage Mastery Standards Mastery LIVING ENVIRONMENT You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. Write your answers to the Part A and Part B multiple-choice questions directly on the test All answers should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings which should be done in pencil. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. Organization and Patterns Ms. Scott Name________________ 07-JUL-09 1. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? 1. The cell membrane forms a boundary 3. The cell membrane forms a barrier that that separates the cellular contents from the keeps all substances that might harm the outside environment. cell from entering the cell. 2. The cell membrane is capable of 4. The cell membrane controls the receiving and recognizing chemical signals. movement of molecules into and out of the cell. 2. In multicellular organisms, cells must be able to communicate with each other. Structures that enable most cells to communicate with each other are known as 1. pathogenic agents 3. antibiotics 2. chloroplasts 4. receptor molecules 3. Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continuously in the cells of organisms? 1. removal of oxygen from the cells of an organism 3. transport of materials within cells and throughout the bodies of multicellular organisms 2. conversion of light energy into the 4. changing of stored chemical energy in chemical bond energy of organic molecules food molecules to a form usable by organisms 4. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out 1. diffusion 3. information storage 2. active transport 4. metabolic processes 5. What happens to certain nutrient molecules after they pass into muscle cells? 1. They are replicated in the nucleus. 3. They are changed into tissues and organs in the cytoplasm. 2. They are acted on by enzymes and release the energy they contain. 4. They enter chloroplasts, where they can absorb light energy. 6. A pattern of reproduction and growth in a onecelled organism is shown in the accompanying diagram. Which statement best describes this pattern of reproduction? 1. All genetic material comes from one parent. 3. The size of the parent determines the amount of genetic material. 2. Only some of the genetic material comes 4. The size of the parent determines the from one parent. source of the genetic material. 7. The arrows in the accompanying diagram indicate the movement of materials into and out of a single-celled organism. The movements indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in 1. the maintenance of homeostasis 3. excretion, only 2. respiration, only 4. the digestion of proteins 8. Molecule X moves across a cell membrane by diffusion. Which row in the accompanying chart best indicates the relationship between the relative concentrations of molecule X and the use of ATP for diffusion? 9. Base your answer on the accompanying diagram, which represents a sequence of events in a biological process that occurs within human cells and on your knowledge of biology. Molecule A contains the 1. starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the cytoplasm 3. proteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasm 2. organic substance that is broken down into molecules B, C, and D 4. directions for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and D 10. An organelle that releases energy for metabolic activity in a nerve cell is the 1. chloroplast 3. mitochondrion 2. ribosome 4. vacuole 11. Which statement best describes cellular respiration? 1. It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. 3. It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. 2. It converts energy in food into a more usable form. 4. It stores energy in food molecules. 12. Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals? 1. starches and simple sugars 3. vitamins and minerals 2. subunits of DNA 4. receptor molecules 13. Base your answer on the accompanying diagram of a cell associated with coordination and on your knowledge of biology. Structure X would be involved in the 1. storage of digestive enzymes 3. development of pathogens 2. absorption of energy from the Sun 4. synthesis of proteins 14. Base your answer on the accompanying diagram of a cell associated with coordination and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement best describes a function of the entire structure shown in the diagram? 1. It unites with an egg cell during fertilization. 3. It releases chemicals involved in cellular communication. 2. It synthesizes a hormone involved in the 4. It controls the replication of genetic control of blood sugar level. material. 15. The accompanying diagram represents a plant cell in tap water as seen with a compound light microscope. Which diagram best represents the appearance of the cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution for two minutes? 16. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as 1. vacuoles 3. chloroplasts 2. ribosomes 4. mitochondria 17. The accompanying diagram represents two molecules that can interact with each other to cause a biochemical process to occur in a cell. Molecules A and B most likely represent 1. a protein and a chromosome 3. a carbohydrate and an amino acid 2. a receptor and a hormone 4. an antibody and a hormone 18. Base your answer on the accompanying diagrams and on your knowledge of biology. The diagrams represent two different cells and some of their parts. The diagrams are not drawn to scale. Which statement best describes these cells? 1. Cell B lacks vacuoles while cell A has them. 3. Both cell A and cell B use energy released from ATP. 2. DNA would not be found in either cell A 4. Both cell A and cell B produce or cell B. antibiotics. 19. In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar? 1. They both occur in chloroplasts. 3. They both involve organic and inorganic molecules. 2. They both require sunlight. 4. They both require oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. 20. In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the 1. cell membrane 3. mitochondria 2. chloroplasts 4. ribosomes 21. The accompanying diagram illustrates the process of cell division. What is the significance of anaphase in this process? 1. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 3. In anaphase, the cell splits in half. 2. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell. 4. In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated. 22. Base your answer on the information below and your knowledge of biology. Stem Cells If skin is cut, the wound closes within days. If a leg is broken, the fracture will usually mend if the bone is set correctly. Almost all human tissue can repair itself to some extent. Much of this repair is due to the activity of stem cells. These cells resemble those of a developing embryo in their ability to reproduce repeatedly, forming exact copies of themselves. They may also form many other different kinds of cells. Stem cells in bone marrow offer a dramatic example. They can give rise to all of the structures in the blood: red blood cells, platelets, and various types of white blood cells. Other stem cells may produce the various components of the skin, liver, or intestinal lining. The brain of an adult human can sometimes compensate for damage by making new connections among surviving nerve cells (neurons). For many years, most biologists believe that the brain could not repair itself because it lacked stem cells that would produce new neurons. A recent discovery, however, indicates that a mature human brain does produce neurons routinely at one site, the hippocampus, an area important to memory and learning. This discovery raises the prospect that stem cells that make new neurons in one part of the brain might be found in other areas. If investigators can learn how to cause existing stem cells to produce useful members of functional nerve cells, it might be possible to correct a number of disorders involving damage to neurons such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and brain injuries. What is the process by which stem cells produce exact copies of themselves? 1. cell division by mitosis 3. sexual reproduction 2. cell division by meiosis 4. glucose synthesis 23. Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell? 1. A 3. C 2. B 4. D