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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW 1. What does DNA stand for? 2. What is this group of organic molecules called? 3. What is the name of the DNA structure (shape)? 4. What are the building blocks of DNA? 5. This building block consists of three components. What are they? 6. Name (not just letter) the four nitrogen bases and how the pair. 7. The process that produces two new double helixes that are identical to the original is called? 8. Why does this process take place? (Why do we need a new set of DNA?) 9. What does the term “semi conservative” mean when discussing DNA? 10. Protein synthesis consists of two primary processes, Name these and identify the fundamental purpose of each process. Be sure to mention where each process takes place (be specific). 11. Fill out the chart details the four primary ways that DNA and RNA are different? DNA RNA 1. 2. 3. 4. 12. What does the ‘m’ of mRNA stand for and what is the purpose of this molecule? 13. What does the ‘t’ of tRNA stand for and what does this molecule bring to the ribosome? 14. What are three nitrogen bases on an mRNA molecule called? What are the complimentary three bases on a tRNA molecule called? 15. At one point in our discussions we mentioned Okazaki fragments. What are these fragments? Why are they formed and what processes are they part of? 16. Identify the traits of a creature with the following DNA sequences. Gene A DNA ATG ACG ATC mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Gene B DNA GTA CAC GGC mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Gene C DNA AAT TGT ATC mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Gene D DNA TGG CTA GAT mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Gene E DNA TGT CGG GGC mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Gene F DNA GCG TCT GAC mRNA _____ ____ ____ tRNA _____ ____ ____ A.A. _____ _____ ____ Trait __________________ Traits Chart Amino acid sequence trait Methionine-threonine-isoleucine fangs Arginine-proline-phenylalanine fire breathing Valine-histidine-glycine two legs Serine-glutamic acid-tyrosine four legs Alanine-cysteine-glycine no legs Asparagines-cysteine-isoleucine feathers Histidine-leucine-valine fur Phenylaline-isoleucine-lysine scales Aspartic acid-proline-tyrisube blue Trytophan-leucine-glutamic acid orange Cysteine-alanine-methionine green Cysycteine-arginine-glycine tail Cysteine-arginine-glutamic acid no tail Alanine-serine-asparagine two eyes Alanine-serine-aspartic acid cross-eyed Arginine-tyrosine-valine one eye