Download Physiology 28.1: The human body has 5 levels of organization. 1

Physiology
28.1: The human body has 5 levels of organization.
1. Which kind of cells can become any type of cell in the body?
2. What is the difference between determination and differentiation?
3. What are the human body’s 5 levels of organization?
28.2: Homeostasis is the regulation and maintenance of the internal
environment.
1. What is homeostasis?
2. Name the 4 parts of a control system.
3. What is a positive feedback loop? What is a negative feedback loop?
4. A friend tells you that people can hold their breath until they die. Use your
knowledge of homeostasis and control systems to explain why this is highly
unlikely to happen.
28.3: Systems interact to maintain homeostasis.
1. Why is it important that organs and organ systems in the body work closely
together?
2. How do organs and organ systems communicate with one another?
3. What organ systems interact to maintain a steady internal body temperature?
What is this process called?
4. What is the effect on the body of a short-term disruption of homeostasis? Of a
long-term disruption?
29.1: The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which
organ systems communicate.
1. What is a stimulus?
2. How do the nervous system and the endocrine system help the body maintain
homeostasis?
3. How are the 2 parts of the nervous system different?
4. What are 3 differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
29.2: The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells.
1. What part of the neuron receives signals?
2. To what part of the nervous system do motor neurons and sensory neurons
belong?
3. What is the electrical impulse that moves down an axon called?
4. What are the chemical signals that allow one neuron to stimulate another?
5. What are the parts of a neuron?
6. Describe how an action potential moves down a neuron.
7. What is a neuron’s resting potential?
29.3: The senses detect the internal and external environments.
1. How do your five senses allow you to maintain homeostasis?
2. What are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye, and to what kind of vision
do they contribute?
3. How do hair cells generate the signals needed to produce hearing?
4. What are the different types of receptors (specialized neurons) and what are
their functions?
29.6: The endocrine system produces hormones that affect growth,
development, and homeostasis.
1. How do hormones get transported throughout the body?
2. Under what conditions will hormones interact with the cell?
3. How is the hypothalamus part of both the nervous and endocrine systems?
4. What might occur if a releasing hormone continues to be produced after the
body reaches its ideal condition for homeostasis?
30.5: Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.
1. What are the main components in blood?
2. How does plasma help maintain homeostasis?
3. What are the main functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
4. What is Rh factor and how does it relate to the importance of knowing your
blood type for a transfusion?
31.1: Germs cause many diseases in humans.
1. How is germ theory different from previous theories of diseases?
2. What is a pathogen, and what are the 5 general types?
3. How are pathogens that spread by direct contact different from those that
spread by indirect contact?
4. What is a vector?
31.2: The immune system consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight
infections.
1. Explain the following terms and their relationship to one another: antibodies
and B cells, phagocyte and active immunity, immune system and skin.
2. Explain the differences between passive and active immunity.
31.4: Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person
healthy.
1. What are the three technologies (advancements) that are available to help
prevent the spread of disease?
2. How does antibiotic resistance occur?
3. How do vaccines work to provide immunity?