Download Final Exam Study Guide 2015

PDP Biology: 2nd Semester Final Exam Study Guide
Photosynthesis/Respiration (CH 6-7)
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Photosynthesis
◦ Be able to write the chemical equation
◦ Know the starting materials and final products of the light reactions and Calvin cycle
◦ Know the location in the cell (which organelle)
Respiration
◦ Know the chemical equation
◦ Know the location in the cell (which organelle)
◦ Know the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration & 2 types of fermentation
◦ Know the types of organisms that perform cellular respiration
◦ Know the sequence and purpose of the steps of aerobic respiration
◦ Know the roles of NADH and FADH2
Cell Division & Chromosomes (CH 8)
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Chromosomes
◦ Know the different types (homologous, chromatids, sex chromosomes, autosomes, etc…)
◦ Understand how sex chromosomes determine gender
Cell Cycle
◦ Know all the phases of the cell cycle in order and what happens in each
◦ Know the phases of mitosis and meiosis in order and what happens in each
◦ Know how meiosis is different than mitosis (consult your Venn diagram!)
Genetics (CH 9)
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Patterns of Inheritance
◦ Know all associated terms by definition and genotype
◦ Be able to perform Punnett squares for standard inheritance, codominance, incomplete dominance, sexlinked inheritance, and multiple alleles (blood type) and predict genotype and phenotype ratios
◦ Understand and be able to define each form of inheritance listed above
Genetic Disorders
◦ Know how and why dominant and recessive disorders have behaved differently over time
◦ Understand that genetic disorders affect phenotype by altering a gene’s protein product
DNA (CH 10)
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DNA
◦ Know all important structural info (base-pairing, parts of a nucleotide, double helix, etc.)
◦ Understand DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and where it occurs in the cell
RNA
◦ Compare and contrast with DNA
◦ Know all important structural info
◦ Understand transcription and where it occurs in the cell
Protein Synthesis
◦ Understand translation and its location in the cell and the types of bonds formed between amino acids
Evolution (CH 13)
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Darwin
◦ Know the inferences and observations that led to his theory
Evolution/Natural Selection
◦ Know the different sources of evidence for evolution and understand why they support evolutionary theory
◦ Understand the different causes of microevolution
◦ Know the 5 requirements for a population to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
◦ Be able to identify by description AND graph the different forms of selection, be able to describe them,
and know examples
Vocabulary Terms
◦ Photosynthesis
◦ Chloroplast
◦ Chlorophyll
◦ Light Reaction
◦ Electron Transport Chain
◦ Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
◦ Aerobic Respiration
◦ Anaerobic Respiration
◦ Glycolysis
◦ Link Reaction
◦ Krebs Cycle
◦ Lactic Acid Fermentation
◦ Alcoholic Fermentation
◦ Chromosome
◦ Cell Cycle
◦ Mitosis
◦ Meiosis
◦ Cytokinesis
◦ Cancer
◦ Homologous Chromosomes
◦ Sister Chromatids
◦ Somatic Cell
◦ Gamete
◦ Haploid
◦ Diploid
◦ Fertilization
◦ Zygote
◦ Crossing-over
◦ Independent Assortment
◦ Nondisjunction
◦ Genetics
◦ Heredity
◦ Allele
◦ Dominant
◦ Recessive
◦ Homozygous
◦ Heterozygous
◦ Carrier
◦ Genotype
◦ Phenotype
◦ Principle of Segregation
◦ Principle of Independent Assortment
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Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Polygenic Inheritance
DNA
Nucleotide
Double Helix
Complementary (base-pairing)
Replication
DNA/RNA Polymerase
Helicase
Gene
RNA
Transcription
mRNA
Codon
tRNA
Anticodon
Translation
Peptide bond
Polypeptide
Mutation
Evolution
Adaptation
Fitness
Natural Selection
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Genetic Drift
Bottleneck Effect
Founder Effect
Gene flow
Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Sexual Selection