Download Questions on Muscular System

Questions on Muscular System
I – Define
- motor unit
- all –or- none law
- muscle twitches
- fused or complete tetanus
- muscle fatigue
- oxygen dept
- isotonic contraction
- isometric contraction
- muscle tone
- aerobic exercise
- resistance exercise
II- Mention in short
-types of muscles and characters of each
- functions of tendons
- functions of muscles
- ways of producing graded muscle contraction
- methods of regenerating ATP during muscle activity,its energy source, need for
oxygen, its products and duration of energy provision.
- causes of muscle fatigue
- types of muscle contractions
- the 5 golden rules of skeletal muscle activity
- the most common types of body movement and what does each mean
- special movements in the Foot and Hand
- criteria used for Naming skeletal muscles
- muscles of mastication
- muscles may be used for injection
- muscles of abdominal girdle
III- Complete
-
the essential functions of muscles is -------the ----------------attaches skeletal muscles directly to bone
nearly three-quarters of energy of contraction escapes as ---------skeletal muscles accounts for at least-----------of body mass
the tiny contractile unit of muscle is called-----------muscle proteins are--------------and--------------thin filaments are composed of protein called---------------the arrangement of the --------------produce the striation in skeletal muscles
the junction between axonal terminal and sarcolemma is called---------the gap between nerve ending and sarcolemma is called-----------------the axonal terminal contains vesicles filled with--------------------,in neuromuscular
junction it is ---------------if enough ACh. is released, muscle membrane become permeable to -----------inward rush of sodium generates an electric current called an ------------ACh. is broken down by ----------------------Examples of aerobic exercise are -------------------------and ----------------------exercise result in stronger, more flexible muscle with great resistance to
fatigue
----------------exercise results in enlargement of muscle cell
1
to
-
muscle attachment to the movable bone is called-----------------while attachment
less movable bone is called-------------------combination of flexion, extention, abduction and adduction is called---------------circumduction is commonly seen in -------------------joints
the muscle responsible for a particular movement is called---------------while the
muscle that opposes or reverse the movement is called------------- the muscle that raise the eyebrows is called---------------------while that closes the
mouth is called------------------- when both -------------------muscles contract neck is flexed, but if one only ,the
head is rotated toward the------------------ muscles between the ribs are called ----------------------,the external are used for----------------------while the internal are used for---------------------- elbow flexion is caused by-------------------while extention is caused by-------------- the group of muscles that extend the knee is called------------- toe dancer.s muscle is--------------------,it is inserted in the ----------------through --------------tendon
- without exercise, muscles will------------------but with vigorous exercise, they ----- flexion is opposite to------------------------- abduction is opposite to---------------------------- movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis is called-------------------- movement of a limb away from midline is called---------------- continuous partial muscle contraction is called--------------- the ability of muscle to receive a stimulus is called -------------while its ability yo
shorten is called------------------- the large muscle that covers the upper part of the chest is called------------------ the muscles forming the mass of muscles of the posterior thigh is called------------while those of anterior thigh is called--------------- the very safe site for intramuscular injection is ------------------ examples of muscles with more than one origen are------------------
IV- put True or False
- In isometric contraction, the muscle shortens
- Bending the knees is an example of isotonic contraction
- axonal terminal never touch muscle cell membrane
- tendons are mostly tough collagenic fibers
- muscle contraction is vital for maintaining normal body temperature
- without nerve stimulation, no muscle contraction occur
- once begun, the action potential is unstoppable
- one nerve impulse produce only one contraction
- muscle cell relaxes until stimulated by another round of ACh.
- all-or-none law applies to the whole muscle
- contraction become stronger and smoother due to successive (summed) contraction
- strength of contraction depends on the number of muscle fibers stimulated
- muscles store of ATP is very limited
- ATP is the only energy source of muscle activity
- oxygen dept must be paid back weather or not fatigue occurs
- aerobic exercise does not cause much increase in muscle size
- rectus means straight
- resistance exercise leads to increase in number of muscle fibers
- kicking of football is done by contraction of -------------------2
Table A
( )-Quadreseps
( )-Gluteus medius
( )-Biceps brachii
( )-Sternocledomastoid
( )-Maseter
Table B
a-proper site for injection
b-prime mover for elbow flexion
c-one muscle for mastication
d-flex the head
e-extends the knee
f- toe –dancer muscle
Questions on the Nervous system
I-Define
- propriceptors
- irritability
- conductivity
- polarized membrane
- cranial nerve
- spinal nerve
- acetylcholine
- vagus nerve
II- Mention in short
- the three overlapping functions of the nervous system
- the very important system in homeostasis
- structural classification of nervous system
- functional classification of nervous system
- classification of the motor nervous system
- the two principle types of nerve cells and function of each
- common structure of neuron
- the complex receptors
- the simple receptors
- structural classification of neurons
- the lobes of cerebral hemisphere
- importance of central sulcus as anatomical landmark
- parts of brain stem
- structures that control CNS from outside to inside
- types of meninges
- centers present in medulla oblongata
- the names of spinal nerve plexuses
- differences between somatic and autonomic nervous systems
- body structures that receive only sympathetic fibers
- organs supplied by ANS
III- Complete
- the master controlling and communicating system is---------------- the second system important in body homeostasis
- the nerve fibers that convey impulses from sensory receptors to CNS is called -----------while that carry it from CNC to effector organs called-------------------- the effector organs in our body are-----------------------and---------------- nervous system under voluntary control is called--------------while that involuntary
is called------------------- ANS is subdivided into -------------------------and---------------------3
- supporting cells in CNS are called----------- the nerve cell that carry impulses is called------------ the cell body of neuron contains the usual organelles except----------------- neuron processes that convey messages toward thje cell body are called-------------while that conduct it away from cell body are------------ all axons branch at their terminal end to form ------------------,these contain vesicles
that contain chemicals called------------- the axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by a tiny gap called---------- the whitish, fatty material that covers long nerve fibers is called---------------- axons outside the CNS are myelinated by ------------------cells
- clusters of cell bodies in CNS is called------------ while that outside it called----------- neuron processes running in CNS are called--------------while that outside it called-- the CNS is composed of-------------and-------------- white matter consists of --------------------while grey matter of-----------------and------- cell bodies of afferent and association neurons are always found in------------- the two major functions of neurons are------------------and-------------- when the inside of neuron is more positive and the outside is less positive ,the case
is called------------------- adequate stimulation of neuron opens the ------------ in its membrane
- reflexes that regulate involuntary muscles and glands are called----------while those
stimulate skeletal muscles are called------------- the first appearance of nervous system is called----------------- ,its anterior end
begins to expand at the ----------week
- the central canal of the neural tube enlarges in four regions of the brain called----- elevated ridges on brain surface are called------ while depressions are called------- the cerebral hemispheres are separated by deep fissure called----------------- the relay station for sensory impulses in the brain is called ------------------ the--------------------hangs from the anterior floor of hypothalamus
- the ----------------------are knots of capillaries within each ventricle, it forms CSF
- the ---------------plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles
- the--------------controls balance and equilibrium
- CSF returns to the blood through ------------------------- the most inferior part of the brain stem is called----------------- the number of spinal nerves is-----------------pairs
-the collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of vertebral canal is called---------- the best site for GSF tapping is below------------------- spinal nerve is formed by fusion of ------------------------------- spinal nerve ,after being formed, divides into ---------------------- the only cranial nerve that extends to thorax and abdomen is----------- most cranial nerves are ---------------,there are three pure sensory , they are --------- the external eye muscles are supplied by cranial nerves ----------------------------- muscles of facial expression are supplied by------------- the ventral rami of some spinal nerves form network of nerves called---------- the outermost layer of meninges is------------------- the spinal cord extends from----------------to------------------lumber vertebra
- the motor subdivision of the PNS that controls activities automatically is called--- the autonomic nervous system is subdivided into --------------------------- the sympathetic division is also called-----------------while parasympathetic is called--- fight –or- flight system is -----------------------while house keeping is------------- the first cranial nerve is---------------while the seventh is------------4
- the second cranial nerve is ------------------while the VIII is--------------
IV- Put True or False
- myelin increases the transmission rate of impulses
- cell bodies of afferent neurons are always found in ganglia outside CNS
- the plasma membrane in inactive neuron is polarized
- the nerve impulse is all-or-none response
- until repolarization occurs, a neuron cannot conduct another impulse
- transmission of an impulse is only electrical event
- some reflexes involve only spinal cord
- some reflexes involve the brain
- grey matter in the brain is deep
- the ANS is also called involuntary nervous system
- CSF is continuously moving
- the fourth ventricle of the brain is continuous with the central canal of spinal
cord
- the blood-brain barrier is the least permeable capillaries in the body
- meningeal covering do not end at L2
- there is no possibility of damaging the cord below L3
- the central canal of spinal cord contains CSF
- grey matter of spinal cord surrounds the central canal
- cranial nerves primarily serves head and neck
- spinal nerve and both rami are mixed nerves
- the arms of ANS serve the same organ but has opposite effects
- the parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic
- sympathetic fibers are adrenergic
- the last area of the brain to mature is hypothalamus
- neurons die throughout life are not replaced
- brain growth ends in young adults
- maternal and environmental factors may impair embryonic brain development
IV-Match table A with table B
Table A( )-thalamus
Table 1-control balance and equilibrium
( )-hypothalamus
2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles
( )-brain stem
3-crude recognition of sensation
( )-cerebellum
4-plays a role in temperature regulation
( )-postcentral gyrus
5-primary motor area
6-primary sensory area
TableA ( )-olfactory
TableB1-extends to thorax and abdomen
( )-oculomotor
2-purely sensory
( )-facial
3-supplies muscles of facial expression
( )-vagus
4-branch of cervical plexus
( )-phrenic
5-supplies eye muscles
6-spinal nerve
TableA
Table B
( )-Olfactory nerve
a-activates facial muscles
( )-Vagus
b-first cranial nerve
( )-Trigeminal
c-nerve of hearing and equilibrium
( )-Vestibulococlear
d-supplies thoracic and abdominal viscera
( )-Facial
e-fifth cranial nerve
f-motor nerve for the tongue
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