Volume 11 Issue R7 Hand:Peripheral Nerves and Upper Extremity
... impulses that do not decrease over distance. A compound action potential is the net algebraic sum of individual fiber action potentials in a multifiber nerve trunk. ...
... impulses that do not decrease over distance. A compound action potential is the net algebraic sum of individual fiber action potentials in a multifiber nerve trunk. ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... Vector Laboratories) dissolved in 0.25 M KCl and 0.5 M TrisHCl buffer (pH 7.6). Before use, these electrodes were beveled to impedances of 60–80 MV. After physiological characterization of a stable intracellular jaw-muscle spindle afferent impalement, biotinamide was injected into the axon using DC ...
... Vector Laboratories) dissolved in 0.25 M KCl and 0.5 M TrisHCl buffer (pH 7.6). Before use, these electrodes were beveled to impedances of 60–80 MV. After physiological characterization of a stable intracellular jaw-muscle spindle afferent impalement, biotinamide was injected into the axon using DC ...
Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Features of Sciatic Neuropathies
... To maximize the yield for identifying signs of active denervation, needle electromyography should generally be performed 3 to 4 weeks after onset of symptoms. Positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials can be identified reliably only after this period, initially in muscles closer to the lesion ...
... To maximize the yield for identifying signs of active denervation, needle electromyography should generally be performed 3 to 4 weeks after onset of symptoms. Positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials can be identified reliably only after this period, initially in muscles closer to the lesion ...
The Formation of Specific Synaptic Connections Between Muscle
... stretch reflex. Intracellular recordings can be made from functionally identified motoneurons and the synaptic input to these neurons from specific groups of spindle afferent fibers can be elicited by stimulation of individual musclenerves. These synaptic connectionshave beenwell studiedin a number ...
... stretch reflex. Intracellular recordings can be made from functionally identified motoneurons and the synaptic input to these neurons from specific groups of spindle afferent fibers can be elicited by stimulation of individual musclenerves. These synaptic connectionshave beenwell studiedin a number ...
Fibular (Peroneal) Neuropathy
... Fibular neuropathies are most often traumatic in origin; stretch or compression is a common feature in the history (Box 1).14,15 Recurring external pressure at the fibular head may result in this complication, such as that seen in patients at bed rest or in individuals who habitually cross their leg ...
... Fibular neuropathies are most often traumatic in origin; stretch or compression is a common feature in the history (Box 1).14,15 Recurring external pressure at the fibular head may result in this complication, such as that seen in patients at bed rest or in individuals who habitually cross their leg ...
An investigation of the sensory and motor innervation of extraocular
... vertical recti, both oblique muscles have secondary functions: the SO additionally depresses and abducts the globe, the IO depresses and adducts. The primary actions of these six EOMs are similar in lateral-eyed mammals, though their secondary actions in eye movements differ from those of frontal-ey ...
... vertical recti, both oblique muscles have secondary functions: the SO additionally depresses and abducts the globe, the IO depresses and adducts. The primary actions of these six EOMs are similar in lateral-eyed mammals, though their secondary actions in eye movements differ from those of frontal-ey ...
Foot drop: where, why and what to do? - Practical Neurology
... table top, or of another person sitting on the patient’s knee when the legs were crossed. Some people, when sitting crosslegged, may either ignore the resulting paraesthesias or are unaware of them because of alcohol, drugs, illness or sleep. Perhaps some do not have warning paraesthesias, or these ...
... table top, or of another person sitting on the patient’s knee when the legs were crossed. Some people, when sitting crosslegged, may either ignore the resulting paraesthesias or are unaware of them because of alcohol, drugs, illness or sleep. Perhaps some do not have warning paraesthesias, or these ...
ARTICLE Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing
... in breathing (Fig. 1b), which implies that the oscillator (or oscillators) for breathing and whisking are separately gated. Exploratory behaviour typically consists of bouts of simultaneous whisking and fast breathing, or ‘sniffing’7. Under such circumstances, fast breathing has a one-to-one relatio ...
... in breathing (Fig. 1b), which implies that the oscillator (or oscillators) for breathing and whisking are separately gated. Exploratory behaviour typically consists of bouts of simultaneous whisking and fast breathing, or ‘sniffing’7. Under such circumstances, fast breathing has a one-to-one relatio ...
Median to radial nerve transfer for treatment of radial nerve palsy S
... extensive, resulting in a long nerve gap, and idiopathic nerve palsies or neuritis in which no proximal healthy nerve segment exists.9,28,33–35 For these problems, nerve transfer provides an alternative surgical option.27,57,60 The recovery of motor function following nerve repair depends on both a ...
... extensive, resulting in a long nerve gap, and idiopathic nerve palsies or neuritis in which no proximal healthy nerve segment exists.9,28,33–35 For these problems, nerve transfer provides an alternative surgical option.27,57,60 The recovery of motor function following nerve repair depends on both a ...
Brachial Plexus Injury - International Federation of Societies for
... reported from the United Kingdom with acceptable clinical outcomes.37,38 However, this nerve root re-implantation technique has not been popularly used in the field of brachial plexus reconstruction. ...
... reported from the United Kingdom with acceptable clinical outcomes.37,38 However, this nerve root re-implantation technique has not been popularly used in the field of brachial plexus reconstruction. ...
The Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck
... It descends through the neck from a point halfway between the tip of the mastoid process and the angle of the jaw to the sternoclavicular joint. Above, it is overlapped by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and below, it is covered laterally by this muscle. Just above the sternoc ...
... It descends through the neck from a point halfway between the tip of the mastoid process and the angle of the jaw to the sternoclavicular joint. Above, it is overlapped by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and below, it is covered laterally by this muscle. Just above the sternoc ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes
... into a dorsal root and ventral root. The dorsal root carries sensory nerve fibers, which enter the dorsal horn of the cord and sometimes synapse with an interneuron there. Such interneurons are especially numerous in the cervical and lumbar enlargements and are quite evident in histological sections ...
... into a dorsal root and ventral root. The dorsal root carries sensory nerve fibers, which enter the dorsal horn of the cord and sometimes synapse with an interneuron there. Such interneurons are especially numerous in the cervical and lumbar enlargements and are quite evident in histological sections ...
ulnar techniques
... in the size or configuration of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) or sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP), evoked proximal and distal to the elbow,23,36,48,56,57,63 and the pattern of needle examination abnormalities in ulnar supplied muscles.23,39 For evaluation of distal ulnar neuropat ...
... in the size or configuration of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) or sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP), evoked proximal and distal to the elbow,23,36,48,56,57,63 and the pattern of needle examination abnormalities in ulnar supplied muscles.23,39 For evaluation of distal ulnar neuropat ...
Laryngeal nerve “anastomoses”
... Laryngeal nerves have been observed to communicate with each other and form a variety of patterns. These communications have been studied extensively and have been of particular interest as it may provide an additional form of innervation to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Variations noted in incid ...
... Laryngeal nerves have been observed to communicate with each other and form a variety of patterns. These communications have been studied extensively and have been of particular interest as it may provide an additional form of innervation to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Variations noted in incid ...
Neuroanatomy for Nerve Conduction Studies
... Mr. Morris has more than 25 years of experience teaching at various electrodiagnosis seminars and as a guest speaker for engagements across the United States and Canada. Topics have included neuromuscular junction disease, entrapment and generalized neuropathies, late responses (F waves and H reflex ...
... Mr. Morris has more than 25 years of experience teaching at various electrodiagnosis seminars and as a guest speaker for engagements across the United States and Canada. Topics have included neuromuscular junction disease, entrapment and generalized neuropathies, late responses (F waves and H reflex ...
Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation
... because of the misperception of vertebral position. Interestingly, lumbosacral-repositioning ability is impaired in individuals with a history of low back pain, even in the absence of vibration [41]. This finding was associated with altered proprioceptive input from muscle spindles [41]. In addition ...
... because of the misperception of vertebral position. Interestingly, lumbosacral-repositioning ability is impaired in individuals with a history of low back pain, even in the absence of vibration [41]. This finding was associated with altered proprioceptive input from muscle spindles [41]. In addition ...
MUSCULOSKELETAL BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BRACHIAL
... Figure III-III: Maximum isometric joint moments produced by muscles crossing the shoulder during a simulated static strength assessment. Joint moments were calculated with the arm at 45° of shoulder elevation in the coronal plane, and the elbow, forearm, and wrist in neutral positions. Maximum isome ...
... Figure III-III: Maximum isometric joint moments produced by muscles crossing the shoulder during a simulated static strength assessment. Joint moments were calculated with the arm at 45° of shoulder elevation in the coronal plane, and the elbow, forearm, and wrist in neutral positions. Maximum isome ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... or muscle contractions required. Although we are consciously aware of the intent to perform a task, such as driving a car, and planning certain sequences of actions, and at times we are aware of deciding to move at a particular moment, the details of our movements generally seem to occur automatical ...
... or muscle contractions required. Although we are consciously aware of the intent to perform a task, such as driving a car, and planning certain sequences of actions, and at times we are aware of deciding to move at a particular moment, the details of our movements generally seem to occur automatical ...
Radial Medial Head Triceps Branch Transfer to Axillary Nerve by
... sectioned the more distant as possible, bringing it in the opposite direction upward the axillary nerve. The connection is carried out without any tension. We attended the policy of bringing more proximal as possible the receptor nerve and leaving more distant as possible the donor nerve. All the pa ...
... sectioned the more distant as possible, bringing it in the opposite direction upward the axillary nerve. The connection is carried out without any tension. We attended the policy of bringing more proximal as possible the receptor nerve and leaving more distant as possible the donor nerve. All the pa ...
Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve
... from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear. Within the middle ear the chorda tympani nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. It then passes through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa. • The descending portion of the facial ner ...
... from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear. Within the middle ear the chorda tympani nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. It then passes through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa. • The descending portion of the facial ner ...
Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve
... from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear. Within the middle ear the chorda tympani nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. It then passes through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa. • The descending portion of the facial ner ...
... from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear. Within the middle ear the chorda tympani nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. It then passes through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa. • The descending portion of the facial ner ...
CME Restoration of Elbow Flexion after Brachial Plexus Injury: The
... Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Perform appropriate diagnostic evaluation of a brachial plexus injury. 2. Define goals of treatment in brachial plexus injuries resulting in loss of elbow flexion. 3. Identify appropriate nerves and muscles for t ...
... Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Perform appropriate diagnostic evaluation of a brachial plexus injury. 2. Define goals of treatment in brachial plexus injuries resulting in loss of elbow flexion. 3. Identify appropriate nerves and muscles for t ...
Cortical Involvement During Sustained Lower Limb Contractions
... Despite the critical role of the lower limb during functional tasks such as walking, most studies examining the role of the cortex during muscle contractions have been conducted in upper limb muscles. Modulation of force by the cortex in the lower extremity and the influence of cortical inputs are p ...
... Despite the critical role of the lower limb during functional tasks such as walking, most studies examining the role of the cortex during muscle contractions have been conducted in upper limb muscles. Modulation of force by the cortex in the lower extremity and the influence of cortical inputs are p ...
The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one
... The precise mechanism that mediates the reflex inhibition of the crural diaphragm during oesophageal distension is still somewhat unclear. In certain studies, bilateral vagotomy was seen to abolish the reflex (Altschuler et al. 1985; Cherniack et al. 1984; Oyer et al. 1989a; Jones et al. 1994). Alth ...
... The precise mechanism that mediates the reflex inhibition of the crural diaphragm during oesophageal distension is still somewhat unclear. In certain studies, bilateral vagotomy was seen to abolish the reflex (Altschuler et al. 1985; Cherniack et al. 1984; Oyer et al. 1989a; Jones et al. 1994). Alth ...
Spasticity after stroke: Physiology, assessment and treatment
... spasticity in hemiplegic patients. They observed a facilitation of the H reflex—a muscle reflex appearing after electrical stimulation of sensory fibres—on the spastic side of the quadriceps, when compared to the unaffected side and to a healthy control population. An improvement of the transmission ...
... spasticity in hemiplegic patients. They observed a facilitation of the H reflex—a muscle reflex appearing after electrical stimulation of sensory fibres—on the spastic side of the quadriceps, when compared to the unaffected side and to a healthy control population. An improvement of the transmission ...
Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement.