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The Human Body Summary A. The Brain and the Nervous System The brain is the control center of the body. The spinal column helps messages travel from the brain to the nerves throughout the body. B. The Heart and the Circulatory System The heart is a muscle which pumps blood through the body. The arteries transport blood away from the heart. The veins bring blood back to the heart. C. The Lungs and the Respiratory System The air that we breathe goes down the trachea to the lungs. The body needs the oxygen from the air to live. We exhale a gas called carbon dioxide that the body doesn’t need. D. The Stomach and the Digestive System The food that we eat goes down the esophagus to the stomach. There the small and large intestines decompose the food so that the body can use it for energy. E. The Muscle and Skeletal Systems The muscles help the body move. There are more than 600 muscles in the body. The skeleton gives form to the body and helps protect the organs. There are 206 bones in the body.