Download Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from

Name _____________
Genetics Vocab Notes
________________ _________________ is the study of how traits are passed down from
parents to offspring
________________ ________________ is considered to be the father of genetics. He
was an Austrian priest who made a lot of scientific discoveries about ________________
by studying ________________ and ________________.
________________ is the passing of traits from parents to offspring
________________ - A certain portion of DNA that codes for a specific protein (The rest
of DNA is known as junk DNA.)
–
Ex: Genes for hair color, eye color, hormones, etc.
Some traits are complex and require multiple genes
________________
________________ are different forms of _________ gene.
–
Example: The gene is hair color
The alleles might be brown hair, blonde hair, red hair, black hair, etc.
The ________________ is the way we describe the genetic make-up of an individual.
The genotype always consists of _________ letters: one for the ________________ from
the mother, one for the ________________ from the father
–
Rr, SS, dd
The phenotype is the ________________ as a result of an individual’s genotype.
A. physical appearance
B. genetic make-up
C. protein
D. amino acid
Alleles are either ________________ or ________________.
When a dominant allele is present, you only see the dominant ________________ even
if the recessive ________________ is also present.
•
TT, Hh
________________ genes only require ________ allele to express the dominant
phenotype.
Dominant alleles are represented in ________________ with a capital letter.
Examples: HH, Dd, SS, Tt,
Recessive genes require __________ ________________ to express the recessive
phenotype.
________________ alleles are represented in genotypes with a lower case letter.
Name _____________
Genetics Vocab Notes
Examples: hh, dd, ss, tt,
Individuals are ________________ for a gene when they receive a dominant allele from
one parent and a recessive allele from another parent.
– Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu
Why do individuals heterozygous for a gene always produce a dominant phenotype?
Individuals are ________________ when they receive the same allele from both parents
• RR, rr, SS, ss
Jennifer has a trait for curly hair. Curly hair is a recessive gene marked by the letter “C”.
Jennifer’s genotype must then be:
Julio is homozygous for black hair. Black hair is a dominant gene marked by the letter
“B”. Julio’s genotype must then be:
Johnny has long fingers and is heterozygous for the trait that causes long fingers marked
by the letter “L”. What is Johnny’s genotype? Is long fingers a dominant or recessive
gene?
There appears to be a gene in humans that affects the size of the ear. Humans with this
gene have either big ears or they have small ears. The gene is represented by the letter
“E”. Having big ears is dominant over having small ears. We find two humans. Shelly
has big ears and Robert has small ears.
a. What is the gene?
b. What are the alleles?
c. What are the possible genotypes for these humans?
d. What are the possible phenotypes for these humans:
e. Is Shelly dominant or recessive?
f. Is Robert dominant or recessive?
g. We know Robert has small ears. What’s his genotype?
h. We know that Shelly has big ears. Are we able to determine her genotype? Why or
why not?