Download patterns of inheritance

IB BIOLOGY………………..STUDY GUIDE
PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
TERMS TO KNOW:
P generation - parental generation. The original source of genetic information in a cross. Fl
generation - first filial generation. First generation of offspring.
F2 generation — second filial generation. Offspring resulting from cross of Fl generation
Hybrid - individual that has one of each type of an allele for a characteristic. One dominant
and one recessive
Allele - one of two hereditary factors controlling a characteristic. Two alleles make up a
gene
Homozygous - The alleles for a characteristic code for the same trait.
Heterozygous — The alleles for a characteristic code for opposing traits
Genotype - The genes an individual possesses. GG, Gg, gg
Phenotype - the outward appearance of the genotype. How the alleles are expressed. Tall,
green, hairy etc
Sex-linked trait — Trait controlled by an allele located on the “X” chromosome. Not a
sexual characteristic
Autosome — a chromosome that contains no genes controlling sex characteristics.
Humans have 22 pair of autosomes.
DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING:
GREGOR MENDEL:
Discuss in general Mendel’s work and why he was given the title “father of heredity.”
Discuss the five parts of Mendel’s heredity model:
Discuss Mendel’s law of segregation:
Discuss Mendel’s law of independent assortment:
Discuss dihybrid crosses. On the back of this page construct a punnett square showing a
dihybrid cross between two heterozygous chubby, curley haired hamsters. Explain the 93-3-1 ratio of offspring.
GENE INTERACTIONS:
Discuss the following types of gene interactions:
Epistasis —
Pleiotropy —
Multiple alleles —
Co-dominance —
Discuss Thomas Hunt Morgan’s discovery of sex-linked traits and sex determination.
Include a discussion of several examples of sex-linked traits in humans:
Discuss how crossing over is used to create genetic maps:
Use blood typing to discuss multiple alleles, co-dominance immunity. Include the terms
antigen and antibody in your discussion:
Construct a table that indicates ABO and Rh blood phenotypes, genotypes, percentages
of each in population, who can give to and who can receive from:
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES AND GENETIC ABNORMALITIES:
Discuss non-disjunction, translocation and trisomy with respect to Down
Syndrome:
Discuss the following chromosome combinations caused by non-disjunction in the
formation of gametes: (check your biozone-green OR ch.18 for this information)
XXX -
XXY -
YO -
XO -
XYY -
Discuss the following genetic disorders:
Cystic fibrosis -
Sickle cell anemia -
Tay-Sachs -
Hemophilia -
Phenylketonuria -
Huntington’s –
Describe what a pedigree chart is –