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AP Biology
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Chapter 18.3+ Guided Reading Assignment
1. What is the main component of most bacterial genomes?
2. How is the DNA arranged in the nucleoid region of the bacterial genome?
3. What is a plasmid?
4. What are the two ways that metabolic control can occur within bacteria?
5. What is the key advantage of grouping genes of related function in to one transcription unit?
6. Where is an operator positioned?
7. What does the operator control?
8. What is the name for the operator, promoter, and the genes they control?
9. What can happen if the trp operan is turned “on”?
10. How does a repressor work?
11. What gene controls the making of the trp repressor protein?
12. What are the two states that the operator vacillates (switches between)?
13. How is the trp repressor protein an allosteric protein?
14. What are the two methods of negative gene regulation?
15. Why is the trp operan considered repressible?
16. What is the definition of an inducible operan?
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17. Why are repressible enzymes generally associated with anabolic pathways and how is this an
advantage to the organism?
18. How does positive gene regulation work?
Chapter 19 Guided Reading Assignment
1. Define the following terms:
a. Chromatin
b. Nucleosome
2. Outline the levels of DNA packing in the eukaryotic nucleus below next to the diagram
provided.
3. What is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin? Which is transcribed?
4. What is cell differentiation?
5. IF cells carry all of the genetic differences, why then are cells so unique – what is responsible
for this?
6. In the diagram below – highlight all of
the potential locations for gene
expression regulation in eukaryotic
cells. How does this compare with
prokaryotic cells?
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7. What effect do the following have on gene expression?
a. Histone acetylation
b. Histone deacteylation
c. DNA methylation
8. How does methylation relate to genomic imprinting?
9. Define epigenetic inheritance.
10. How do the following control elements assist in regulation?
a. Transcription factors
b. Enhancers
c. Activators
d. Repressors
11. Use the diagram to the right to
explain the interactions of
enhancers and transcription
activators.
12. Explain how RNA processing is a
mechanism of post-transcriptional
regulation.
13. What role do microRNA’s play in
post-transcriptional regulation
14. What is RNA interference?
15. How does translation provide another opportunity for control?
16. What is the difference between oncogenes,proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes?
17. What is the p53 gene?
18. Why is said that people inherit predispositions to cancer not cancer itself?
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Video Review
Bozeman Science: (you can also do a video search for “Bozeman Gene Regulation”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S3ZOmleAj0
1. How do bacteria use the lac operon?
2. What are the genes within the lac operon?
3. What is the promoter used for?
4. What is the role of the Operator? How does the repressor work with the operator?
5. What type of macromolecule is the repressor?
6. How is the trp operon different from the lac operon?
7. What are transcription factors?
SciShow: (you can also do a video search for “SciShow Epigenetics”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp1bZEUgqVI
1. How can clones be different from one another if they have the same DNA?
2. How do Methyl Groups control gene expression?
3. What are histones?
4. How are genes and epigenetics like a computer?
5. Is epigenetic information permanent? Explain.
6. How can mom pass epigenetic information to her unborn child?
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