Download Science review for final test on cells and systems

Science review: test date – Thursday, June 11th
1.12 Cells and cell systems
a. tissue – a group of cells that are similar in shape and function
b. organs – tissue that are organized into large structures
c. organ systems – groups of organs that have related functions
 be able to compare the levels of cell organization with that of a
hockey organization:
- cell…….player
- tissue….team
- organ….league
- organ system…..Hockey Canada
 study the chart on pg. 32, 33
 the animal body is composed of basically four kinds of tissues:
- epithelium
- connective (bone, cartilage, blood)
- muscle
- nervous
1.13 Unicellular organisms
Recall the short visuals I showed you on bacteria and
microorganisms that could be in your home and on your skin.
 Humans are multicellular organisms
 Microorganisms are made up of only one cell; they are only
visible under a microscope
 Bacteria are an example of microorganisms: they cause many
diseases; but many are harmless and some are helpful
 Bacteria are more primitive than other cells because they do
not have a nuclear membrane
1.14 The Need for Cell Division
Why is cell division important?




It determines the continuation of a species
It contributes to tissue growth
Helps heal wounds
Aids in the normal replacement of old cells in tissue such as
skin
 Cell division is the process where living cells reproduce their
own kind
 Growth can be described in terms of an increase in the number
of cells (some of you have really increased your number of cells
his year )
Are cells all the same size?
 No. Some cells in your body are larger than others.
 Cells in fat tissue are bigger than cells in muscle tissue.
 Cells that must do a lot of work are usually smaller than cells
that are less active.
 The more active a cell is, the more nutrients it needs and the
more wastes it produces.
1.21 Organ systems working together
Study the chart on pg. 54.
Be able to identify the organs within the organ systems
Organs that supply nutrients and remove wastes:




Heart
Artery
Stomach
Kidney
Organs that regulate the body (recall the standing on one leg with
eyes closed):
 Eyes
 Brain
How do nerves and muscles work together?
 Nerves signal he muscles to contract.
1.22 Fluid Movement in Animals
Why do multicellular animals need an excretory system and a
circulatory system?
 Each cell of the body must be able to get rid of waste materials.
 Each cell of the body requires oxygen and nutrients. A
circulatory system provides these.
Compare the way plants and animals move fluids.
 Plants do not have a pump to move the fluids. Animals use a
pump (heart) to move fluids through a circulatory system.
1.23 Animal Digestive Systems
What is digestion?
 It’s the process where large food molecules are broken down
into smaller molecules.
Summarize human digestion.
 Mouth – starch digestion begins
Stomach – initial digestion of proteins
Small intestine – completed digestion of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats