* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Kingdom Monera - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Survey
Document related concepts
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Kingdom Monera Characteristics of Bacteria 1. Size—smallest cells (around 1 micrometer) 2. Shape—three basic shapes: a) round, known as coccus b) rod, known as bacillus c) spiral, known as spirillus Note: Prefixes are used to indicate a colonial arrangement of certain types of bacteria Ex) Diplo = pair (two), Staphylo = clusters, Strepto = chain, Tetrad = four, Sarcina = cube (eight) Examples: Streptococcus lactis—in milk, sours Diplococcus pneumonia—causes pneumonia Staphylococcus pepogenes—causes boils Structure of a typical bacterium Contains: a cell membrane, ribosomes, cell wall (keeps osmotic pressure), chromatin, cytoplasm, capsule (protects the cell from our immune system/viruses), and flagellas. No other structures (ER, vacuoles, etc.) are present. The only organelle is the ribosome. Cellular respiration takes place along the inside surface of the cell membrane. Bacterial nutrition Two types: 1. Autotrophic 2. Heterotrophic a) photosynthetic (light) or b) chemosynthetic a) saprophytes (feed on dead organisms) or b) parasite (feed on living organisms) Reproduction in bacteria 1. Asexual—Binary fission -The chromatin is duplicated, it moves to opposite ends as the mother cell divides in half. Each new daughter cell has the same genetic material. 2. Sexual—by conjunction (only when conditions are unfavourable) Two other ways that new strains are created are: a) Transduction—transmission of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a virus b) Transformations—DNA released from a dead bacterium is picked up by a live bacterium, resulting in a new strain Some bacteria will form an endospore during unfavourable conditions (ie. boiling, freezing, or drought), before developing into an active cell again when the conditions change.