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Biochemistry 1. Which vitamin is deficient in the newborn? a. A b. K c. C d. E 2. What is the rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway: a. Glucose 6 phophate dehydrogenase b. Ribose 5 phosphate c. Ribose 4 phosphate d. Acetyl CoA carboxylase 3. Which is derived from the from the pentose phosphate pathway; a. Ribose 4. Beta 1,4 bonds are found in a. Lactose 5. How many ATP’s are produced anaerobically a. 2 6. Which is a pyrimidine a. KING TUCK 7. Which is a secondary structure a. Sequence of amino acids b. Alpha helix c. Myoglobin d. Hemoglobin 8. Which carries the most cholesterol a. HDL b. LDL c. VLDL d. Chylomicrons 9. Bilirubin is formed by degradation of a. Heme 10. Which is present in urea cycle a. arginine b. tryptophan c. serotonin d. adenine 11. Which does not affect the Vmax of an enzyme a. Addition of a competitive inhibitor b. Addition of a non-competitive inhibitor c. Increase in pH d. Increase in solubility 12. Which transfers fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation: a. Malonyl CoA b. Biotin c. Citrate d. Carnitine 13. An increase in folic acid intake may be detrimental because it can _______. a. Mask a vitamin B deficiency b. Inhibit the absorption of other vitamins c. Damage the liver d. Produce kidney stones 14. Which transfers carbon atoms from mitochondria to the cytoplasm for fatty acid biosynthesis a. Citrate b. Malate c. Oxaloacetate d. Carnitine 15. Which inhibits gluconeogeneisis a. ethanol b. Cortisol c. Insulin d. Glucagon 16. Which is a precursor to niacin: a. Tryptophan b. Threonine c. Tyrosine d. Phenylalanine 17. _______________ is a source of ribose for nucleotide formation: a. pentose phosphate pathway 18. fasting causes low serum ________ levels. a. Insulin b. Cortisol c. Glucagons d. Adrenalin 19. Which reacts with acetyl CoA to form citrate: a. Malate b. Oxaloacetate c. Pyruvate d. Glutamate 20. The enzymes for glycolysis are located in which part of the cell: a. Mitochondria b. Cytosol c. Lysosomes d. Endoplasmic reticulum 21. Which enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate during anaerobic glycolysis a. Pyruvate dehydrogenase b. Lactate dehydrogenase c. Lactate hydrolase d. Pyruvate decarboxylase 22. aaa 23. aaa 24. In the Krebs cycle, which is produced during the conversion of succinyl-CoA to Malate a. ATP b. GTP and FADH2 c. ATP and NADH d. FADH2 and NADH 25. The most common way to enter the Krebs cycle for amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose is a. Citrate b. Acetyl-CoA c. Oxaloacetate d. Pyruvate 26. The rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis is a. HMG CoA Mevalonate 27. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase is the rate limiting enzyme in which pathway a. Pentose phosphate pathway 28. a vegetarian presents with concave nails, cold extremities and decrease in blood pressure. This is most likely due to a deficiency of _____________. a. Iron 29. The major action of enzymes is to act by ______________. a. Lowering the activation energy 30. Which is the complementary RNA strand to the following DNA strand of 5’GAC3’ a. 3’-CUG-5’ 31. Which is involved in a carboxylation reaction a. Biotin b. Thiamine c. B6 d. B9 32. A vegetarian diet is deficient in which vitamins: a. Vitamin C b. Folic acid c. Pyridoxine d. Cyanocobalamine 33. Which is produced anaerobically in glycolysis a. NADH b. FADH2 c. GTP d. Acetyl CoA 34. Which is the best source of omega 3 fatty acids a. Linolenic b. Stearic c. Oleic d. Palmitic 35. Which vitamin deficiencies will cause a neurological reaction: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B1 d. Vitamin K 36. Which is the final end product of the hexose monophosphate shunt a. Pentose sugars and NADPH 37. Which takes cholesterol from the liver to the tissues a. HDL – cholesterol from tissues to liver b. LDL c. VLDL – fa’s from liver to tissue d. Chylomicrons – fa’s from gut to tissue 38. Which leukocytes give rise to macrophages a. Monocytes b. Neutrophils c. Lymphocytes d. Eosinophils 39. Where does beta-oxidation occur a. Mitochondria 40. Which takes carbon atoms out of the mitochondria for gluconeogenesis a. Malate 41. Which is an essential amino acid a. Serine b. Glycine c. Threonine d. Proline 42. Which carries endogenous lipids in body a. VLDL 43. most common form of dietary lipids a. triacylglycerol 44. not synthesized by the body a. stearic acid b. palmitic acid c. oleic acid d. linoleic acid 45. acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA into a. malonyl CoA b. pyruvate c. succinate d. propionyl CoA 46. inhibited if low carbohydrates are eaten for 6 weeks or more a. insulin b. glucagons c. cortisol d. epinephrine 47. an amino acid precursor to melatonin a. tyrosine b. phenylalanine c. tryptophan d. lysine 48. NADH + H+ NAD + H2 + 2e represents a. Oxidation (oil rig) 49. shape of the Michaelis Menton reaction for an allosteric enzyme a. sigmoidal b. linear c. hyperbolic d. bell shaped 50. deficiency of HMG CoA reductase will result in a. decreased cholesterol synthesis 51. the apoenzyme of a holoenzyme a. proteins b. vitamins c. minerals d. carbohydrates 52. Sucrose is made from the combination of ____________ and _______________. a. Glucose and lactose b. Glucose and fructose c. Glucose and glucose d. Glucose and galactose 53. vitamin that is lethal in high doses a. C b. D c. B6 d. B3 54. does not contain both an acidic and a basic component a. alanine b. glutamic acid c. citrate d. aspartate 55. a precursor to prostaglandin a. ecosanoids b. steroid c. glycolipid d. triacylglycerols 56. purine a. guanine b. cytosine c. thymine d. uracil 57. bonds that are found in a secondary protein structure a. hydrogen 58. bonds found in triacylglycerol a. ester 59. vitamins necessary for maintenance of RBC a. B12 and folic acid 60. Glucose 2 lactate produces a. 2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2 61. HMG-CoA reductase is rate limiting enzyme in which cycle a. Cholesterol synthesis 62. dietary vit E is absorbed in the intestines with a. lipids 63. imp adjunct for glucose absorption a. chromium 64. the intramitochondrial space is _______ acidic than the matrix because ther is more ________ in the intramitochondrial space than in the matrix a. more, hydrogen ions 65. a 66. represents transcription a. DNA mRNA 67. an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis a. malonyl CoA 68. component of NADH and NADPH a. biotin b. tyrosine c. pyridoxine d. tryptophan 69. a 70. found in glycogenesis but not glycogenolysis a. UDP glucose b. Glucose 1 phosphate c. Glucose 6 phosphate 71. starts the process of glycogenolysis a. glucose 6 phosphate b. hexokinase c. glycogen phosphorylase d. phosphatase 72. If tertiary protein is heated, which would change a. Covalent hydrogen bonds b. Amino acid sequence c. No change d. Ester bonds 73. net gain of glycolysis yields _________ NADH and _________ ATP a. 2,2 74. Glucose is only obtained from which of the following a. Maltose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Fructose 75. during gluconeogenesis, which hormone is increased more than others a. cortisol b. glucagon c. insulin d. norepinephrine 76. Beta oxidation takes place in the_ a. Cytoplasm b. Mitochondria 77. electron transport system is located a. inner mitochondrial membrane 78. ubiquinone is located in a. mitochondrial membrane 79. if 14:2 fatty acid passes through beta oxidation the end result will be _______ and cleave _________ many times (stupid question) 80. involved in decarboxylation a. thiamine b. biotin c. pyridoxine d. riboflavin 81. cofactor for transamination a. pyridoxine 82. makes of CoA a. B5 b. B1 c. B6 d. B9 83. a purine (pure as gold) a. adenine b. thymine c. uracil d. cytosine 84. anticodon is located a. t-RNA b. m-RNA c. DNA d. Protein 85. How many nucleic acids make up the codon: a. 3 86. brings amino acids for protein synthesis a. t-RNA 87. if ½ Vmax is .1, what is KM a. .1 88. a sulfur containing amino acid a. methionine 89. contains both alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 bonds a. glycogen b. lactose c. sucrose d. maltose 90. lowest melting point a. linolenic acid b. oleic acid c. palmitic acid d. stearic acid 91. chondroitin sulfate is part of a. glycosaminoglycans 92. involved in one carbon transfers a. tetrahydrofolate