* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Citric acid Cycle:
Mitogen-activated protein kinase wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Multi-state modeling of biomolecules wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical cascade wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Blood sugar level wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Glyceroneogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid Cycle: 1. Go for malate dehydrogenase reaction of CAC is +29.7KJ/Mol. Malate + NAD+ = Oxaloacetate + NADH a. Which way will this reaction go in standard condition, forward or backward? b. How does this reaction proceeds in forward direction? c. Calculate the G for this reaction in forward direction if concentration of oxaloacetate is 1x 10-8 M, malate 0.2 mM, and NAD+/NADH ratio in rat liver mitochondria is 10. 2. a. What enzymes are activated by insulin-stimulated protein kinase in glucose catabolism? b. Insulin generally promotes anabolic pathway i.e. synthesis of glycogen then why should it activate PDC? 3. What side reaction would take place if E1 was separated from PDC? 4. Which of the dehydrogenases have FAD cofactor? 5. How many oxygen molecules are used for the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 during Glycolysis, PDC and citric acid cycle pathway? 6. Where do the additional 6 oxygen atoms come from, to generate 6 molecules of carbon dioxide? 7. How many grams of glucose is needed to elevate an object of 50 Kg to the height of 100 meters. Assume that all the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used with 100% efficiency in this work, and G = - 50KJ/Mole in physiological condition. 8. Deficiency of thiamine or arsenate poisoning lead to the similar symptoms and mostly brain functions are affected in these diseases. Why? 9. Which enzymes are affected by thiamine deficiency? 10. How many net ATP molecules are produced by substrate level phosphorylation during complete catabolism of one glucose molecule? 11. CAC is referred as amphibolic pathway Why?