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Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO ÍNDICE 1. 2. 3. 4. VOCABULARY VOCABULARIO UNIT’S CHART UNIT’ ACTIVITIES AND NOTES. VOCABULARIO TEMA 3. A PLANET FULL OF LIFE Here you have 5 key words of this Unit. You have to study them. If you include more definition in your notebook, you will have extra points in your notebook marks. 1. Cell: basic structural and functional unit of an organism. Smallest unit of an organism that can exist alone. 2. DNA: nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in most organism. 3. Multicellular organism: Organism with more than one cell. 4. Organelle: special compartment inside a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function. 5. Vital Function: activities that organism must do to live WRITE HERE ALL THE NEW VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON. For example: Blood: sangre. Microscope: microscopio. 1 Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO VOCABULARIO TEMA 3. LA VIDA EN LA TIERRA De cada palabra escribe su definición, un ejemplo si te lo pido y su traducción al inglés. No olvides incluirlo en tu cuaderno. 1. AUTÓTROFO. EJEMPLO. 2. HETERÓTROFO. EJEMPLO. 3. GAMETOS. EJEMPLO 4. MICROSCÓPICO. EJEMPLO. 5. ADN 6. CÉLULA. EJEMPLO 7. PLURICELULAR. EJEMPLO. 8. UNICELULAR. EJEMPLO. 9. TEJIDO. EJEMPLO 10.ESPECIE. EJEMPLO 2 Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO UNIT’S CHART From Natural Science. 1º ESO. Anaya 1. Look this diagram and add the following concepts in the correct place: autotrophic, heterotrophic, sexual, asexual, animal cell, plant cell. 2. How many types of cells exist? 3. Write the three vital functions. 3 Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO 4. How many kingdoms exist? Write their names 5. Why is a cat bigger than a protozoa? a. Because it has more cells. b. Because its cells are bigger BASIC CONCEPTS What is a living being?. How would you define a living thing? In other words, what do mushrooms, sunflowers, cats, and bacteria have in common? All living things grow, reproduce, and maintain a stable internal environment. • All organisms are made of cells. • All living things need energy and resources to survive. There are millions of different living beings and they are classified in groups following diverse criteria. First of all, we can look at the way they feed: The autotrophic beings, like plants, need water, salt and gasses such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. They use the energy from the sunlight to make their own food. This process is called photosynthesis. Heterotrophic beings, like animals, cannot make their own food and instead they have to get it from their surroundings. This is why they feed off other living beings or they feed off decomposing organic matter. Activity 1. Complete the following sentences: The nutrition of plants is ………………...... because they make their own food from ……………………………………………………………............................. . The nutrition of animals is ………………………………… because they get their nutrients by feeding on …………………………………………………................. An important characteristic of living beings is that they all are made up of cells. A cell is the smallest part that is alive. So, cells are the unit of life. There are two types of living beings according to the number of cells they have: - The unicellular beings have only one single cell. - The pluricellular beings have more than one cell picture 1 picture 2 4 Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO We are made of cells. Our body contains about one hundred billion ( a million million) cells. All cells have three main parts: o Cell membrane o Cytoplasm o Nucleus o o o Cell membrane: It is a thin layer like a skin around the cell. It separates the inside and the outside of the cell and covers the whole cell. It controls what passes in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm: It is the jelly-like substance inside the cell. It contains the organelles which are small structures in the cytoplasm. Nucleus: It controls the cell. It controls the cell functions and cell division. It contains genetic material with hereditary information. Types of cells. There are two types of cells: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. - The eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and they are generally larger, about 0.1 mm. They are found in animals, plants and other living beings. - Prokaryotic cells are much simpler. They have no nucleus and only appear in some unicellular beings. Their size is around 0.001 mm. 5 Unit 3. A planet full of life. Natural Science 1º ESO Activity 2. Tick the places where we can find cells: In a person arm. In a mushroom. In a rock. In a piece of wood from a table. In a frog’s leg. Iin a plastic pen. In the blood of an animal. Activity 3. Complete the following sentences: The nutrition of plants is ………………...... because they make their own food from ……………………………………………………………............................. . The nutrition of animals is ………………………………… because they get their nutrients by feeding on …………………………………………………................. Activity 3. Match the words on the left column with the sentences on the right 1 2 3 4 5 Cell membrane Eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm Prokaryotic cells Nucleus A B C D E F G They are those cells which have got a nucleus It contains genetic material with hereditary information. It controls what passes in and out of the cell Animals and plants have got this type of cell It is a thin layer which separates the inside and the outside of the cell It is the jelly-like substance inside the cell Bacteria and similar living beings are made up of this type of cell Activity 4. Complete this table and answer these questions EUKARYOTIC CELLS PROKARYOTIC CELLS Nucleus Living beings (example) Where do all cells come from? What is the name of the structure which separates the inside and the outside of the cell? What is the cytoplasm?.... What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?. Activity 5 Fill in the table. Write: Plant cell / Animal cell / Both of them (the two types of cell) / None of them. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) It has got a nucleus............................................ It has got a chloroplast...................................... It has got a cell wal............................................ It has not got a big vacuole................................ It has got many mitochondria............................ It has got a cell membrane................................ It has got a cytoplasm........................................ It has not got a chloroplast................................ It has got ribosomes.......................................... It has not got a nucleus...................................... 6 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO Activity 6. Fill the boxes with the names of the organelles marked in the picture Activity 7 7 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO Activity 8. Look at the cell in the picture: A. Name the structures marked with a number. The image in the picture belongs to a: Prokaryotic cell -Eukaryotic animal cell- Eukaryotic vegetable cell Activity 9.The diagram below shows a microscopic view of a one-celled organism. Four cell structures are labeled. Which statement about the labeled structures is correct? (1) They normally can be seen without magnification. (3) They help carry on life activities within the cell. (2) They can survive outside the cell. (4) They cause disease within the cell. 8 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO From Natural Science. 1º ESO. Anaya Cell A mistake……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Cell B mistake……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Activity 11. Write the name of each structure: / organism/tissue/ Cell/ Organ/ Write two examples of each level Cell_________________________ Tissue_______________________ Organ _______________________ Organism__________________ 9 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO 1- Read the text carefully and underline all the unknown words. 2- Write the translation of three of them. a. . b. . c. . 3- Look for the meaning of DNA DNA is……. 4- Do viruses meet the requirement for life that living things are made of cells? Explain your answer 5- Do viruses grow and develop? Explain 6- Do viruses reproduce? Explain 7- Are viruses living things? Explain your answer 8- True or False about virus: A virus belongs to the five kingdoms of life 9- 2. T or F A virus is not made up of cells 10 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO 10- 3. T or F Viruses eat, and the do many of the functions that other 11- living things do 12- 4. T or F The only thing that a virus does is to reproduce 13- 5. T or F Scientists do not consider a virus to be a living thing 14- 6. T or F A virus has a outside protective wall that is very weak proteins 15- that can protect the virus for years and make it hard to kill 16- the birus 17- 7. T or F Inside of this protective shell, the virus is filled with bits of 18- DNA 19- 8. T or F A virus releases its DN A into a cell, then it is able to take 20- control of that cell 21- 9. T or F Instead of performing its normal functions, once the virus 22- releases it’s DNA into a cell, the cell begins to create new 23- viruses 24- 10. T or F Viruses do not attack other cells in our bodies CLASSIFICATION INTO SMALLER GROUPS. A species is the first level of classification for living beings. A species is a set of beings which are physically similar and which reproduce among themselves and produce fertile descendants. In Latin, species are given two names: human beings are called Homo sapiens, sparrows (gorriones) are Passer domesticus, lentiscos are Pistacia lentiscus and so on. The first name refers to the genus and it has to be written in capital letters while the second one refers to the species and has to be written in small letters. Scientific names are very useful because they are known all over the world. Activity 12.Why do scientists in all parts of the world use Latin to name living things? For example, scientists in China and scientists in Canada name Fox as Vulpes vulpes. Activity 13.The scientific name of the wolf is Canis lupus. Complete the sentence: The wolf belongs to the genus ..................…… and to the species .................…… . 11 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO 12 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO 1- What’s the difference between a branching dichotomous key and a numbered dichotomous key? 2- What’s your favourite? Explain your answer 3- BRANCHING DICHOTOMUS KEY. Write here. 4- NUMBERED KEY. Write here. 13 A PLANET FULL OF LIFE. UNIT 3.Natural Science 1º ESO In this notebook you could find some information from: 1- Activity Book 2008. Pablo Acosta Robles. 1º ESO Natural Science. 2- I.E.S. LLANES SEVILLA. DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA Y GEOLOGÍA. Unit 3. The Living beings. 3C. Echevarría, E. Dehesa, et al. Natural Science 1º Secondary Education. Editorial Anaya 14