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BSC 197
Summer 2012
Study Guide for Exam 3
Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of
keywords would get a middle B. There will be questions that will test if you understand
the relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form
ideas of your own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason.
Part 1 Mitosis and cell cycle
You should know and understand:
The phases of the cell cycle and what is happening in each phase
How cell cycle is controlled
The phases of mitosis and what is happening in each
The mechanism of chromosomal separation
How cell cycle control and cancer are related
Chromosome structure and major features
Part 2 Meiosis
You should know and understand:
The relationship between diploid and haploid cells during gamete formation and
fertilization
The phases of meiosis and what is happening in each
The similarities and differences between meiosis and mitosis
What is crossing over and when does it occur
How independent assortment, recombination, and random fertilization produce
increase variation.
Part 3 Medel and Transmission genetics
You should know and understand:
The basic type of experiment that Mendel used
The major principles that Mendel’s work supports
Dominant/recessive traits
The meaning of genotype and phenotype
How to calculate the number of possible gametes from a parent
How to calculate the frequency or ratio of possible gametes
How to calculate the number of possible genotypes and phenotypes resulting from
a cross
How to calculate the frequency or ratio of possible genotypes and phenotypes
resulting from a cross
Monohybrid, dihybrid, F1, F2, and test cross
The conditions under which Mendel’s rules don’t operate accurately
Variants of dominance
How traits encoded by multiple genes are often expressed as a normal distribution
Epistasis
What is meant by the term “carrier” with respect to genetic diseases.
Part 4 Chromosomal basis of inheritance
You should know and understand:
Morgan’s work and how it showed genes were located on chromosomes
How linkage affects inheritance patterns
Sex-linked inheritance patterns
Gender determination in animals
X-inactivation and how it results in mosaicism
Aneuploidy and some specific examples in humans
How non-disjunction in meiosis affects gamete content and aneuploidy
Polyploidy
Major chromosomal modification events
Part 5 Replication and repair
You should know and understand:
The difference between semi-conservative, conservative, and dispersive models of
DNA replication
How the structure of DNA lends to its own replication
The molecular mechanism of DNA replication including:
The proteins involved and what each does
The difference between leading and lagging strand synthesis
The two main enzymatic properties of DNA polymerase
What are origins of replication
Proofreading for errors
DNA repair mechanisms