Download Unit 2- Topic One - St. John Paul II Collegiate

Unit 2 – Cells and Systems Study Guide
Topic 1 – Living Organisms
Characteristics of Living Organisms, all organisms:
 take in energy
 respond and adapt to their environment
 reproduce
 grow
 produce waste
Topic 2 Microscopes and Cells
Magnifying: making something appear larger
Early Microscopes
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek (Dutchman) invented one of the first microscopes
using different glass lenses. He was able to magnify up to 300 times the size
of an object. About the same time Robert Hooke (English chap) was also
experimenting by looking at pieces of cork under magnification. He
described what he saw as cellulae “little rooms” giving us the present-day
word “cell”
Cells are the building block of life; All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the smallest thing scientists consider to be alive.
Types of Microscopes
Light Microscope: 2 000x magnification
Electron Microscope: 2 000 000x magnification (must be in a vacuum
therefore dead cells only)
*Know Parts of a Microscope Pg. 107 of book
Topic 3 – The Cell and It’s Structures
Multi-cellular: organisms made up of more than one cell or a system of cells
Unicellular: single celled organisms
*Know the names of the organisms on pg 115, Figure 2.5
Amoeba – like “the blob” a unicellular organism that eats by flowing around
it and absorbing it. It reproduces by splitting into two amoebas.
Parts of a cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like material in which other parts of the cell float
Cell membrane: surrounds the cell and protects the cells contents
Cell wall: thick covering outside the cell membrane.
Nucleus: controls most of the cells activities
Vacuole: liquid filled part for storage; smaller and fewer in animal cells
Chloroplast: contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
Structures inside the cell are known as organelles
*Memorize parts of the cell diagram pg 122-123
The same functions carried out by the human body are carried out by each
individual cell in the body.