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Cells and Systems Characteristics of Living Things Some characteristics of living things is Growth, it requires an organism to consume food from their environment and distribute the through-out its body to give it strength in the places needed. Soon the organism will have a pattern for building up and slimming down areas of its structure. They also must reproduce, reproducing is like making copies of yourself so your species can live longer. There is Asexual reproduction which means only one “parent” is needed. So the result is usually identical to the parent cell. There is also sexual reproduction which has two “parents” and they both chip in to making a brand new individual which means a whole new combination of an identity can be created. They also must adapt incase of something drastic changing to there ecosystem, adapting is to change your way of life when something happens and you have to change if animals couldn’t adapt many would not last and we’d be without some important suppliers of food! They must exchange gases, gas exchange is a process when gases are taken in and are switched with another gas like humans for an example we take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, most plants will take in carbon dioxide and exchange it for oxygen if they didn’t do this for us we would not be breathing at all! What is Cell Theory • Cell theory is the theory that states that all living things are made up of one or more cells and cells are the basic unit of the functions and structures in all living organisms. A man named Robert Hooke discovered the first cell in 1665, he looked under a coarse compound microscope he saw looked at a cork and saw small little pores that he said looked like compartments that a monk would live in and because of the recognition he called them cells. The first person to ever make a compound microscopes name was Zacharias Jansen but the person to actually see a live cell under a microscope was Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek. Cell theory is still the same today no matter how small or big or simple and complex it will be the same for all. Today cells are still a big thing they can give us information about all life forms and because all cells come from cells scientists can study them to learn more about growth, and reproduction. Microscopes!!! Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made the first microscope. Since then technology and design has improved to light microscopes. light microscopes can see up to 2000x and electronic microscopes can see up to 2 000 000x. Beams of electrons are used instead of light and displayed on a screen. What is the Basic Unit of All Life? All living things called organisms have something in common. All organisms, from the smallest to the largest, are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life. It is the smallest unit of a living organism that is capable of life. A cell is the smallest unit of living matter there is and each one must be able to carry out the processes of life. Within cells, there are structures that work together to allow the cell to live. Some structures deliver materials throughout the cell. Other structures make food and others let go energy for the cell to use. Living Things • • • • 2 Categories of living things would be unicellular and multicellular. Some unicellular organisms would be a paramecium and a multicellular organism would be a human! A unicellular organism means only one cell, most unicellular organisms are microscopic although there are a few that can be seen by the naked eye. You can trace some unicellular organisms bat about 3.8 billion years ago! In order for them to stay alive they must go through processes of survival, like photosynthesis, chemotrophy (organisms that obtain energy , by oxidation of electron donors in their environment.) Also heterotrophy, something that uses organic carbon to grow. Some unicellular organisms have something called flagella which is like little tails they use for locomotion. Unicellular organisms vary in size some can be as small as a third of a micron(which you would need an electron microscope to see) and 20cm! There is also multicellular organisms. There are close to two million multicellular species Structure in cells living things have single cellular (paramecium and viruses) these are smaller and less complex. Both humans and plants have multi cellular cells, these are more complex and are larger in size. Plant and Animal Cells: Whats the Differences? plant animal plant have choroplasts because it is needed to make photosynthesis and animals don't need photosynthesis so they don’t have choroplasts. Plant have a cell wall for support and animals don't because they have a skeleton. Why are Cells so Small Cells are small because if a cell was big it would take a lot of food and make a lot waste. Produce a lot of waste Need more supplies and space Do Cells Get Bigger? We get more cells, cells don’t get bigger. How Do Cells Get Fluid and Minerals? diffusion is a process in which material, like fluids, move in and and out of a cell; but only certain materials can move through the selectively permeable cell membrane. nutrients can move from higher concentration outside to the inside to an area of low concentration; this is called diffusion. this is also used when removing wastes from the cells the wastes go from high concentration inside to low concentration outside. Four Special Human Cells! Four special human cells are muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells, and bone cells. Muscle Cells 1. Muscle cells are elongated and they help us move your body Skin Cells 2. Skin cells are flat and brick shaped. They form a protective layer on the outside to protect the inside Nerve Cells 3. Nerve Cells are branch like and long. They deliver messages to our bodies Bone Cells Bone Cell are every thick and they provide suppo Presented by Alyssa Abby Crystal Rebekah