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Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 3 Genetics: The Science of Heredity Section 1 Mendel’s Work Key Terms: heredity trait recessive allele genetics hybrid fertilization purebred gene alleles dominant allele 1. ____________________ an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait 2. ____________________ the scientific study of heredity 3. ____________________ the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait 4. ____________________ the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism 5. ____________________ the different forms of a gene 6. ____________________ an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present 7. ____________________ a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes 8. ____________________ an allele that is masked/hidden when a dominant allele is present 9. ____________________ the offspring of many generations that have the same traits 10. ___________________ the passing of traits from parents to offspring Key Concepts: What were the results of Mendel’s experiments, or crosses? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What controls the inheritance of traits in an organism? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 3 Genetics: The Science of Heredity Section 2 Probability and Heredity Key Terms: probability Punnett square codominance phenotype genotype homozygous heterozygous 1. ____________________ having two different alleles for a trait 2. ____________________ an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations 3. ____________________ a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross 4. ____________________ a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur 5. ____________________ an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits 6. ____________________ a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or Recessive 7. ____________________ having two identical alleles for a trait Key Concepts: What is probability and how does it help explain the results of genetic crosses? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is meant by genotype and phenotype? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is codominance? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 3 Genetics: The Science of Heredity Section 3 The Cell and Inheritance Key Terms: meiosis 1. ____________________ the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half Key Concepts: What role do chromosomes play in inheritance? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What events occur during meiosis? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is the relationship between chromosomes and genes? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 3 Genetics: The Science of Heredity Section 4 The DNA Connection Key Terms: messenger RNA transfer RNA 1. ____________________ RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm 2. ____________________ RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain Key Concepts: What forms the genetic code? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How does a cell produce proteins? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How can mutations affect an organism? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Test Preparation: Chapter 3 Study Guide p. 104-105 Go online for Self-Assessment: PHSchool.com (Web Code: cea-3030) Study this study guide Extra Credit Opportunities *Remember to print and turn in your answers to receive credit. Links on probability and genetics (Web Code: scn-0332)- Choose one of the links and read the article. Print the article and write a 5 sentence summary of what you learned. (worth 10 points) Protein Synthesis Activity (Web Code: cep-3034)