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Download heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring. fertilization
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heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring. fertilization trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. purebred genetics The scientific study of heredity. gene The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism. alleles The different forms of a gene. The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. recessive allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. hybrid An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait. phenotype probability A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. genotype Punnett square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. homozygous An organism’s physical appearance or visible traits. heterozygous Having 2 different alleles for a trait. An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations. codominance A condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. meiosis The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. Having 2 identical alleles for a trait. CELLS AND HEREDITY messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm. CHAPTER 3 SECTIONS 3.1 – 3.4 FLASHCARDS transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.