Download 2011 Spring Biology Final Review

Name:
Per.
Date:
2011 Spring Biology Final Review
Part I: DNA & Protein Synthesis
DNA & Protein Synthesis Vocabulary Practice
Across
2. The nitrogen base only found
in DNA
3. What is made through the
genetic code provided by DNA?
5. The part of the nucleotide
that is a five carbon ring and
is different
in structure in DNA and RNA
7. When a mistake is made in
the transcription process. A
different protein results from
this mistake.
9. All proteins are made up of
______. Subunit of proteins.
10. When a nitrogen base or
gene is removed from a mRNA
strand or chromosome.
13. During mitosis, DNA is
condensed in to this so that it
can properly divide.
17. The DNA molecule is said to
be ______when referring to how
many strands that it has.
18. Where DNA is found in the
cell.
Down
1. Making a copy of the DNA
strand as the nuclei prepares
for cell division
4. Using the codon to find the
sequence of amino acids in the
protein being made.
6. The nitrogen base only found
in mRNA
8. Subunit of DNA. Made up of
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
10. The sugar found on the DNA molecule
11. The part of the nucleotide that is between
the sugar molecules on the backbone.
Crossword Word Bank
DNA
Transcription
Protein
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Nucleus
Deletion
Uracil
Cytosine
Replication
Phosphate
Mutation
Translation
Chromosome
Amino acids
Codon
Ribosome
Thymine
Sugar
Double stranded
mRNA
1
Name:
Per.
Date:
12. A single stranded molecule that travels out of the nucleus and goes to the
ribosome to provide instruction to make a protein there.
13. Every three letters on the mRNA strand. Codes for specific amino acids.
14. The site of protein synthesis
15. Instructions found in the nucleus to make proteins.
16. When DNA is used as a template to make a mRNA strand
19. Pairs up with guanine
DNA & Protein Synthesis Practice Questions
1. The name of the entire molecule shown in the diagram above is:
A. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule.
B. amino acid
C. ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule
D. protein
2. Name two ways that the environment can impact cell differentiation.
1.
2.
3. What occurs during gene regulation?
4. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
A. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
B. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
C. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
D. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
1) Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome.
2) DNA serves as a template for RNA production.
3) Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
4) Amino acids are bonded together.
5) RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
5. Some events that take place during the synthesis of a specific protein are listed above.
The correct order of these events is
A. 2→5→1→3→4
C. 2→3→5→4→1
B. 4→1→5→3→2
D. 3→2→1→5→4
6. Which part of the nucleotide has the most effect on the final protein?
A. Sugar
B. Phosphate
C. Nitrogen Base
2
Name:
Per.
Date:
Part II: Genetics
Genetics Vocabulary
1. Genotype: _________________________________________________________________________
2. Phenotype: ________________________________________________________________________
3: Pedigree: _________________________________________________________________________
4: Homozygous: ______________________________________________________________________
5: Heterozygous: ______________________________________________________________________
6: Mutation: __________________________________________________________________________
7: Karyotype: __________________________________________________________________________
Punnett Squares
What percentage of the
offspring will be:
A. Heterozygous: _______
B: Homozygous Dominant ______
C. Homozygous Recessive: _____
D: Green: ______
E: Yellow: _______
DNA Markers
1. Which is the likely
father of the child?
______________________
3
Name:
Per.
Date:
Pedigrees
1. How many children do the parents have? _____
2. Which child in the F1 generation has the disorder? _______
3. If "T" represents the allele for this disorder,
what are the genotypes for the P generation?____________
4. How many of the offspring in the F2 generation
have the disorder? ____
Pedigree for Hemophilia
5. Is this disorder sex-linked? ____
Explain your answer:
4
Name:
Per.
Date:
Types of Mutations
Matching:
___Inversion
___Deletion
___Duplication
___Insertion
Karyotyping
A. A type of mutation in which a portion of a genetic
material or a chromosome is duplicated or replicated,
resulting in multiple copies of that region.
B. A defect in the chromosome in which a segment of the
chromosome breaks off and reinserted in the same place
but in the reverse direction relative to the rest of the
chromosome.
C. A mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a
sequence of DNA is missing.
D. A type of mutation resulting from the addition of extra
nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome.
1. What is the sex of the fetus? ________
2. How many chromosomes are present
in the fetus? _____
Identify the mutation for each:
1. ____________
2. _______________
3. ____________
4. _____________
3. Does this karyotype show any noticeable
disorder such as Down's Syndrome?
______
5
Name:
Per.
Date:
Part II: Evolution
Evolution Vocabulary Practice
Terms to define
Definition from the Textbook or
Dictionary
Definition in your own words
Common ancestor
Homologous structures
Vestigial structures
Biogeography
Evolution Practice Questions
1. Explain in your own words what is going on in the picture above.
6
Name:
Per.
Date:
The fossil record and evolutionary inference
The fit between the fossil record and evolutionary inferences is good evidence for evolution, because
if fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals had been separately created, we should not expect them to
appear in the fossil record in the exact order of their apparent evolution.
Haldane once said:
"I will give up on evolution as a correct explanation if someone finds a fossil rabbit in
the Precambrian."
The reason is that the rabbit, which is a fully formed mammal, must have evolved through reptilian,
amphibian, and piscine stages and should not therefore appear in the fossil record a hundred million
years or so before its fossil ancestors.
Opponents of evolution have appreciated the power of this argument and numerous fraudulent claims
have been made for fossil human footprints contemporary with dinosaur tracks.
The fact that no such human fossils have been found - that the order of appearance of the main fossil
groups matches their evolutionary order - is the way in which the fossil record does provide good
evidence for evolution.
2. Read the above paragraph. Using your own words, evaluate this statement. Support it as either a valid or an
invalid argument for evidence of evolution occurring on this planet.
3. Explain with at least two reasons what had to happen to cause each successive change in the population
from the ancestor mammalia group through to modern populations?
7
Name:
Per.
Date:
4. It is thought that all these finches that Darwin observed on the Galapagos Islands descended from a single
small group of finches. Analyze what could have caused their offspring and descendants to change so radically
over time.
5. Still using the above diagram, what is the relationship between the development of the different beaks in
their descendants and the limited amount and variety of foods to be found on these islands?
6. Genetic drift is the loss of genes (alleles) to a population due to random chance. In the above example, if a
disaster killed the dark colored frogs, there would be no dark colored frogs in succeeding generations. How
might genetic drift effect a population of white birds and their black variation if the white variation is more easily
seen by predators?
8
Name:
Per.
Date:
The endosymbiotic theory concerns the origin of mitochondria,
chloroplasts, and other organelles of eukaryotic cells. According to this theory,
certain organelles originated as free-living bacteria that were taken inside
another cell as endosymbionts. Mitochondria developed from proteobacteria
and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria. This theory is based in part on the fact
that mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes, their own DNA
and are approximately the size of small bacteria.
7. Based on your knowledge about symbiosis, analyze and evaluate whether this theory is possibly accurate.
Support your arguments with logic and facts.
The experiment method in the diagram is the creation of the Miller- Urey Experiment. Please read about
the experiment on p. 424 of your text book to help you answer the following questions.
8. What gases are used to simulate
earth’s early atmosphere?
9. What do you think the electrical
leads in the set up are simulating?
10. What do you think the problem is in
this experiment according to the
methods set up?
11. What conclusion could be made
regarding the results of this
experiment?
9
Name:
Per.
Date:
Part IV: Human Body Systems
Human Body Systems Vocabulary Practice
1._______ Neuron
A. smallest living unit of all living organisms
2.______Homeostasis
B. An organism’s ability to maintain constant internal conditions
necessary for life
3.______ Perspiration
C. group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
4.______Cells
D. cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system
5.______ Tissues
E. set of chemical reactions that through which an organism builds up or
breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes.
6. _____Organs
F. cooling of mammals by evaporation from the skin
7. _____ Metabolism
G. group of similar cells that performs a particular function
Human Body Systems Practice Questions
Fill in the blanks using the terms in the word bank:
Word Bank: Excretory
Digestive
Organs
Organ Systems
Reproductive
Nervous
Immune
Tissues
Organism
Respiratory
Muscular
1.Cells make up _____________, ______________ make up organs, ____________make up organ
systems, and organ systems work together to make an _____________.
2.The system responsible for cell to cell communication through electrical impulse is known as the
________________ system.
3.The ____________________ system helps fight off infection and can be compromised by AIDS/HIV when
helper T cells are destroyed.
4. The ___________ system is responsible for the break down of food and nutrient absorption.
5. The _____________ system works together with the nervous system to allow for movement and muscular
contraction.
6. The ____________ system is responsible for controlling water and salt balance through perspiration and
urine production.
7. The __________ system is responsible for carrying genetic information that can be inherited by offspring.
8. The system responsible for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide from the body is the
_______________ system.
10
Name:
Per.
Date:
Fill in the missing blanks in the chart:
Body System
Major Organs
Function
lungs, nasal passages, bronchi,
pharynx, trachea, diaphragm,
bronchial tubes
Nervous
Control of body activities and the reaction to
stimuli, cellular communication
stomach, liver, teeth, tongue,
pancreas, intestine, esophagus
Excretory
Endocrine
Controls water and salt balance
pituitary gland, adrenal gland,
thyroid gland, gonads
Circulatory
Transport of nutrients, metabolic wastes, water,
salts, and disease fighting cells
Integumentary
Protection of body from injury and bacteria,
maintenance of tissue moisture, holds receptors
for stimuli response, body heat regulation
Bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,
smooth muscle
Immune/Lymphatic
Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary
movement, helps to circulate blood and move food
through the digestive tract
Helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid
lost from blood vessels and returns the fluid to the
circulatory system
Testes, ovaries, uterus, vas
deferens
11