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Cell Theory and Scientists Cell = basic/smallest unit of life Cell Diversity (Differences) 1. Size – surface area (SA)-to-volume (V) ratio keeps cells small • If cell continued to grow, it would burst 2. Shape – reflects function of cell (Ex: neurons vs. red blood cells) 3. Internal Organization -Organelles = cell part that performs a specific function Types of Cells: 1.Prokaryote – simple cells (no nucleus or organelles in the cell membrane) “Pro”= before; “kary”= nucleus a. DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm & cell membrane b. unicellular (bacteria) c. tiny in comparison 2.Eukaryote – complex cells “Eu”= true; “kary”= nucleus a. has nucleus with DNA & cell membrane bound organelles in the cytoplasm b. unicellular or multicellular c. Two types of eukaryotes: 1) Animal 2) Plant d. Much larger then prokaryote cells Early Discovery of the Cell 1665 - Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a nonliving slice of cork, a plant material. He saw what appeared to be thousands of tiny empty chambers. He called these chambers cells... and the term is still used today. 1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water - and revealed a world of tiny living organisms. He drew illustrations of organisms he found in the human mouth ... we now call these organisms bacteria. 1838 - German botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells 1855 - German biologist Theodor Schwann stated that all animals are made of cells 1855 - German physician Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells can only be produced from the division of existing cells. CELL THEORY: All of these discoveries led to the cell theory which states... l All living things are made of cells l Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things l New cells are produced from existing cells