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Name:_______________per____ Macromolecules Structure and Function Test (50 pts) (1 pt each) __ 1. Hydrolysis could be correctly described as the a) heating of a compound to drive off its excess water and concentrate its volume b) breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its structure between the subunits c) linking of two or more molecules by the removal of one or more water molecule d) constant removal of hydrogen atoms from the surface of a carbohydrate e) none of the above __ 2. The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is accomplished by a(n) ______ reaction. a) oxidation c) Condensation e) decarboxylation b) reduction d) hydrolysis __ 3. A dehydration reaction typically produces: a) monomers b) salts c) sugars d) polymers e) amino acids __ 4. A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called: a) polymers b) cells c) isomers d) monomers e) isotopes __ 5. Which of the following is not a macromolecule? a) protein b) starch c) nucleotide d) lipid e) DNA __ 6. A(n) ____________ is a basic unit of a carbohydrate. a) monosaccharide c) nucleotide e) amino acids b) starch d) glycerol __ 7. Which of the following includes all the others? a) sucrose b) glucose c) cellulose d) glycogen e) carbohydrate __ 8. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? a) glucose b) fructose c) deoxyribose d) starch e) ribose __ 9. STARCH and CELLULOSE are ALIKE in that both are: a) composed of nucleotide chains b) found only in animal cells c) found only in plant cells d) contain hydrophobic, fatty acid side chains __ 10. A CARBOHYDRATE (polysaccharide) that makes PLANT CELLS and tissues STRUCTURALLY RIGID, like roots and stems, is: a) sucrose b) glycogen c) starch d) cellulose e) nucleotides __ 11. A carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that is formed by plants and used later by the plant as a reserve food supply and made up of only glucose molecules covalently bonded together is: a) cellulose b) starch c) glycogen d) triglycerides e) sucrose __ 12. In a phospholipid bilayer ___________ tails point inward and form a region that excludes water. a) acidic b) basic c) hydrophilic d) hydrophobic e) none of these __ 13. Lipids: a) serve as energy reserves in many organisms b) include cartilage and chitin c) include fats that are broken down into one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules d) are composed of monosaccharides e) none of the above __ 14. What type of LIPIDS are found in ALL biological MEMBRANES? a) triglycerides b) waxes c) phospholipids d) diglycerides e) cholesterol __ 15. Unlike the saturated fatty acids, found mostly in animal fats and oils, UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: a) contain hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, in a ring formation b) are often covalently bonded to sugars c) lack of carboxyl group d) contain double bonds between carbons causing a bend in their hydrocarbon chain. __ 16. Amino acids are the building blocks for a) enzymes b) steroids c) lipids d) nucleic acids e) carbohydrates __ 17. Nucleotides are the building blocks for a) proteins b) steroids c) lipids d) RNA e) carbohydrates __ 18. Nucleotides are composed of a(an): A. AMINO ACID, B. NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASE, C. FATTY ACID, D. 5-CARBON SUGAR, E. PHOSPHATE MOLECULE. a) B, D, C b) A, D, E c) C, D, E d) B, D, E e) A, B, C. __ 19. DNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES? a) proteins; b) carbohydrates c) lipids d) amino acids e) nucleic acids __ 20. Lactose is an example of a: a) Monosaccharide b. Nucleic acid c. Steroid d. disaccharide __ 21. Cells use ________ to break down or put together materials. a) Lipids b. Enzymes c. Polysaccharides d. None of the above __22. Hormones are a type of macromolecule in this family: a. Carbohydrate b. Lipid c. Protein d. Nucleic acid __23. Proteins are polymers that are made up of this type of monomer: a. Monosaccharide’s b. Nucleic acids c. Lipids d. Amino acids __24. Which molecule brings triglycerides and cholesterol to the liver to be processed? a. Phospholipid b. HDL c. Glycogen d. LDL __25. This molecule is very important in maintaining the stability of the cell membrane: a. Nucleotides b. cholesterol c. amino acid d. starch __26. Glycogen is a _______ found in ________ a. lipid, plants b. carbohydrate, plants c. lipid, animals d. carbohydrate, animals __27. Enzymes may lose their functionality. One way to describe an enzyme that is overheated is a. calcified b. denatured c. Hydrolysed d. Phoenician __28. In the following graph showing the breakdown of glucose, which line represents a reaction WITH an enzyme? a. A b. B __29. Cholesterol is the base molecule that will form which product? a. hormones b. enzymes c. DNA backbones d. amino acids __30. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about enzymes? a. Substrates attach to the active site of an enzyme b. An enzymes shape determines its’ function c. An enzyme may act on several different types of substrates d. Enzymes can lose functionality by the effects of inhibitors, temperature, and pH Identify the following macromolecules from their structure: (Q’s 31- 40) C B A E D (2 pts each) ___31. Carbohydrate ___32. Phospholipid ___33. Protein ___34. Nucleic acid ___35. Cholesterol ___36. Makes up cell membranes ___37. Polysaccharide ___38. Hormone ___39. Found in liver and muscle cells ___40. CARRIED in the blood by LDL or HDL