Download Bio221_Microbiology_Exam_3_2007

Bio 221 Microbiology
Exam 3
Name _______________________
Matching
Match the following organelles with their function (1 point each)
____
____
____
____
____
Contractile vacuoles
Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysozomes
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
contain digestive enzymes
expel water
secretory protein processing
fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and synthesis of secreted proteins
contains DNA
Match the organelle with its likely microbial origin (1 point each)
____
____
____
____
mitochondrion
chloroplast
flagellum
hydrogenosome
A.
B.
C.
D.
anaerobic or aerotolerant proteobacterium
oxygenic phototroph
spirochaete
aerobic chemoheterotroph
Match the groups of eukaryotic microbes and their characteristics (1 point each)
____
____
____
____
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
Kinetoplastids
Dinoflagellates
A. Some photosynthetic members - Pfisteria
B. Large mass at the base of the flagella that contain mitochondrial DNA Trypanosome
C. Conjugation for sexual recombination and two sets of cilia – somatic and
oral - Paramecium
D. Have sporozoites, include malaria - Plasmodium
Multiple Choice (1 point each)
____ In Archaea, ether-linked lipids are found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
methanogens.
halophiles.
sulfur-dependent thermophiles.
All of the above
None of the above
____ The methanogens are the methane-generating bacteria. Which statement is
not true of methane producers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They
They
They
They
use CO2 as the terminal electron acceptor.
get carbon out of swamps.
are aerobes.
are autotrophs.
____ Why are all methanogens fluorescent under ultraviolet light?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They have the electron carrier F420.
Methane is a fluorescent compound.
Sodium pumped out by the sodium pump gives off blue light.
The combustion of methane gives off blue light.
____ Photosynthetic halophiles use bacteriorhodopsin to
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce NADPH from electron donors in photosynthesis.
change the configuration of retinal.
expel protons outside the cells.
maintain high internal salt concentration.
____ Enzymes from thermophiles are
A. used in PCR.
B. used in laundry detergents.
C. cheaper to use because less protein is required for the same amount of
activity.
D. All of the above
____ Eukaryotes have not acquired chloroplasts without acquiring mitochondria
because
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitochondria give energy for chloroplasts.
cells without mitochondria are probably oxygen-sensitive.
cells without mitochondria are probably aerobic.
they are anaerobic.
____ The cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells may be used to
A.
B.
C.
D.
maintain cell shape.
move materials around inside a cell.
capture prey.
all of the above
____ Amoeboflagellates are protozoa with
A.
B.
C.
D.
a dominant flagellar stage.
a unique mechanism of pseudopod formation.
both amoeba and flagellate stages in the life cycle.
life cycles linked to sexual recombination.
____ The difference between cellular and acellular slime molds is
A.
B.
C.
D.
cellular types form multicellular spore-bearing structures.
cellular types form haploid amoeboe which fuse.
acellular types form spores.
acellular types form fruiting bodies from one giant multinucleate cell.
____ The “normal” flora of humans is
A.
B.
C.
D.
constantly changing.
commensalistic.
the same on every individual.
parasitic
____ In general, the primary factor in a pathogen’s ability to cause disease is
A.
B.
C.
D.
its ability to penetrate cells.
its ability to destroy cells.
its attachment to cells.
localization
____ Removing most of the microorganisms from the respiratory tract would
A.
B.
C.
D.
lead to better health.
have no effect on health.
lead to disease.
improve digestion.
____ The alternative complement cascade is initiated when _______ is present,
whereas a classical complement cascade begins when _______ is present.
A.
B.
C.
D.
heat; antibody
a bacterium; antigen/antibody complex
a bacterium; antigen
antigen/antibody complex; a bacterium
____ A memory cell
A.
B.
C.
D.
can react very quickly to an antigen.
is short-lived.
secretes antibody.
could not be a T cell.
____ A virus infected cell might be destroyed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
mast cells.
+
CD4 helper T cells.
+
CD8 cytotoxic T cells.
a memory cell.
____ The part of an antibody that has a consistent amino acid sequence and is
responsible for its function is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
variable region.
constant region.
hypervariable region.
heavy chain.
light chain.
____ PMN or neutrophils
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
contain lysozomes.
can phagocytose.
migrate from blood to sites of infection.
arrive at infection sites before monocytes.
All of the above
____ A CD4 T cell recognizes an antigen when it is presented by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
MHC class II.
a B-cell.
MHC class I.
IgD.
None of the above
____ Which of the following is false?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Immunity mainly combats infectious diseases.
Immunity may involve both T cells and antibodies.
An immune response is always beneficial.
Immunity attacks intracellular and extracellular infections.
Short answer (variable points)
On what is the three-domain concept of life based?
Define an extreme thermophile.
Name two ways fungi affect human life.
How are the four major groups of fungi (zygomycetes, ascomycetes,
basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes) distinguished?
Why do many eukaryotic microbes have different mating types?
What evidence supports the diplomonads and parabasalians as representatives of
the “first” eukaryotic organisms (only one piece of evidence)?
How do the bacterial populations of the stomach and large intestine differ
qualitatively and quantitatively?
How do phagocytes such as PMNs destroy bacteria?
Why do drug companies target the ergesterol biosynthetic pathway in the design of
drugs for combating fungal infections?
What are 3 roles for our natural microbiota?
Why are babies susceptible to infant botulism from eating honey but most adults
are not?
What is the function of the SALT system associated with our barrier defenses?
Cytokines can have both positive and negative effects on the process of activating
immune cells. Why do we need to have negative effectors?
In diagnosing an infection, clinicians will sometimes look at the types of antibodies
in the patient's serum, looking at the amount of IgM and IgG molecules. Why is
this useful information for the clinician?
Short essay (6 points each) Please answer 3 of the 4. 6 bonus points
possible for answering all 4.
Describe 4 ways in which bacteria can avoid being degraded by phagocytic cells
The Korarchaota are an interesting “kingdom” of prokaryotes because no members
of this group have ever been cultivated in the laboratory. Explain how we know
these organisms exist. What procedures were used to find them and what evidence
supports placing them in their own “kingdom”?
Fungi are an important group of eukaryotic microbes that play a critical role in the
carbon cycle by breaking down complex organic polymers. Describe the characteristics
of the fungi that distinguish them from the other eukaryotic microbes and what
characteristics they possess that are well suited for the degradation of complex
polymers such as those found in plant material
Write about any topic you spent a lot of time studying but feel was not adequately
covered in this exam.