Download 2nd Semester Biology Tournament - d

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13-14 2nd Semester Biology Tournament
Questions:
1. What is binomial nomenclature?
2. Which are more closely related – organisms in the same genus or organisms in the same order?
3. What genus is the Canis familiaris in?
4. What are the 5 (6) kingdoms?
5. Compare the symmetry of a starfish, a human, and a sponge.
6. What are the 3 part building blocks of DNA called?
7. What are the 4 bases in DNA? What are the 4 bases of RNA?
8. What is transcription? And where does it occur?
9. What is translation? And where does it occur?
10. What is the overall structure of DNA described as?
11. What DNA bases would bond to ATG? What RNA bases would bond to CUA?
12. What molecule does DNA contain the recipe for?
13. What is a gene?
14. What is the job of transfer RNA?
15. What are the jobs of helicase and DNA polymerase?
16. What is produced during mitosis? Include number of cells and chromosomes.
17. What is produced during meiosis? Include number of cells and chromosomes.
18. What types of cells are produced during mitosis VS meiosis?
19. What is the role of the spindle fibers in mitosis and meiosis?
20. What is a stem cell?
21. What is a tetrad?
22. Why does the DNA replicate before mitosis begins?
23. How does meiosis increase genetic variation?
24. What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
25. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
26. Draw a Punnett Square that shows a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for free earlobes.
(Free is dominant to attached lobes.)
27. What chromosome are sex linked genes carried on?
28. Draw a Punnett Square for a cross between two pink flowers. (Red and white flowers are codominant.)
29. What are the building blocks for a protein that are hooked together at the ribosome called?
30. What is the probability of getting a recessive phenotype if one of the parents is homozygous dominant?
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31. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
32. Draw a Punnett square to show a cross between a person with O blood and a person with AB blood.
33. Draw a Punnett square to show the offspring of a color blind man who marries a normal vision woman who
is a carrier for color blindness. Color blindness is a recessive sex linked trait.
34. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
35. What is the difference between a constant and a control group?
36. What are sources of error?
37. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a conclusion?
38. What is the difference between the kingdoms Monera (eubacteria/archeabacteria) and Protista?
39. Compare the kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
40. What kingdom do the following organisms belong in?
Anthrax (a bacteria), Amoeba, Mushrooms, Dandelions, Worms.
41. Name and describe 5 characteristics of living things.
42. What are the levels of classification of organisms from most general to most specific?
43. What are the levels of organization from atom to biosphere?
44. What is natural selection?
45. Define evolution?
46. What are the difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?
47. What does a cladogram show?
48. What can scientists learn from looking at the fossil record?
49. When moths live in a dark colored forest would you expect more dark moths or more light colored moths to
be eaten by birds? What do you think will happen to the population of moths over time?
50. What is a karyotype and how is it used?
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13-14 2nd Semester Biology Tournament
Answers:
1. A naming system developed by Linnaeus that uses two names to identify an organism. Genus and
species.
2. Genus. Family is a larger grouping.
3. Canis – the first name in a scientific name is the genus.
4. Animal, Fungi, Plant, Protista, - Monera for 5, or Eubacteria and Archeabacteria for 6.
5. Starfish is radial (can be cut like a wheel in many directions), Human is bilateral (can be cut only
through the middle into right and left sides), Sponge is asymmetrical (no line divides into mirror
images).
6. Nucleotide made of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
7. DNA – Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. RNA – Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine.
8. Transcription is coding a molecule of mRNA from the DNA and it takes place in the nucleus.
9. Translation is linking together the amino acids brought to the mRNA by the tRNA. Translation
takes place at the ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell.
10. Double helix – a twisted ladder.
11. ATG would bond to TAC in DNA. CUA would bond to GAU in RNA.
12. DNA codes for proteins.
13. A segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
14. Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order to assemble a protein.
15. Helicase unzips DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases. DNA polymerase adds new
DNA nucleotides when making new strands of DNA.
16. Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells that are also identical to the parent cell. These are
body cells.
17. Meiosis produces four genetically different cells that contain half as many chromosomes as the
parent cell. These are gametes.
18. Mitosis produces body cells that are clones of the original cell and meiosis makes gametes (sex
cells) that are different from each other and the original cell and have only ½ as much DNA as the
parent cell.
19. Spindle fibers move chromosomes around.
20. A stem cell is a cell that can differentiate to become different types of cells.
21. A tetrad is two homologous chromosomes that are matched up during prophase 1 of meiosis.
22. The DNA replicates before mitosis begins so that each new cell will get an exact copy of the parent
cell’s DNA.
23. Meiosis increases variation by exchanging DNA between sister chromatids (crossing over) and by
lining up along the equator of the cell during metaphase in random order (law of independent
assortment)
24. Dominant genes are physically expressed whenever they are present while recessive genes are only
expressed when there is no dominant copy to cover it up.
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25. Phenotype is the physical expression of a gene while genotype is the actual alleles present in an
organism.
26.
E
e
E
EE
Ee
e
Ee
ee
27. Sex linked traits are carried on the X chromosome and are not present on the smaller Y
chromosome. Female is XX and male is XY.
28.
R
W
RR
RW
W RW
WW
R
29. The building blocks for a protein are called amino acids.
30. 0% of the offspring will be the recessive phenotype if one of the parents has only a dominant allele
to give – all of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype.
31. Homozygous means that both alleles are the same for a trait EE or ee. Heterozygous means that
the alleles are different Ee.
32.
o
o
A
Ao
Ao
B
Bo
Bo
33.
XB
Y
XB X B XB
XB Y
Xb X B Xb
Xb Y
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34. Independent variable is the variable you choose to change that you are comparing among.
Dependent variable is the results that you measure to see the differences between the independent
variable groups.
35. A constant is something that stays the same for all your experimental groups to make a fair test.
The control is one of the experimental groups that represents your baseline for comparison (the normal
situation often the zero treatment group).
36. Sources of error are things that may have gone wrong with your experiment. Measurement is a big
source of error and things that should have been kept constant but were not.
37. A hypothesis is a prediction of what will happen in an experiment based on your past experiences.
The conclusion is your explanation for what happened in your experiment – what your results mean.
38. Bacteria are single celled prokaryotes.
Protists are mostly single celled eukaryotes.
39. Fungi are multicelled heterotrophs with chitin cell walls.
Plants are multicelled autotrophs with cellulose cell walls.
Animals are multicelled heterotrophs without cell walls.
40. Anthrax is in the kingdom monera (bacteria). Amoeba is in the kingdom protista.
Mold and mushrooms are fungi. Dandelions are plantae. Worms are animalia.
41. Metabolism – energy use, Development – growth and change over lifespan, DNA – molecule of
heredity, Response to environment – reacts to stimuli, Reproduction – produce a new generation,
Evolution – change over time, Homeostasis – the ability to maintain an internal balance
42. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
43. atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community,
ecosystem.
44. Natural selection is the survival of the individuals best suited to their environment and the passing
on of these beneficial traits to their offspring.
45. Evolution is the change in gene frequency over time.
46. Homologous structures are similar parts that are modified for new uses and are evidence of a
common ancestor. Analogous structures have the same function but different structure.
47. Cladograms show how closely related organisms are and what traits they have in common.
48. Scientist can see organisms that once existed that are now extinct and the time sequence for these
organisms. Transitional forms can be seen to show how change might progress.
49. Dark moths are less likely to be eaten since they are better camouflaged than lighter moths. Over
time since dark moths survive more to be able to reproduce then the population of dark moths will
increase.
50. A karyotype is a picture of paired up chromosomes and it is used to detect abnormalities in
chromosomes before a baby is born.