* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download What_I_need_to_know_about_Protein_Synthesis_2013.answer key
Endogenous retrovirus wikipedia , lookup
DNA repair protein XRCC4 wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Real-time polymerase chain reaction wikipedia , lookup
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
Transformation (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
What I need to know about Protein Synthesis Compare the structure and function of DNA and RNA. 1. Fill in the table below. DNA RNA Nitrogen ATCG AUCG bases Present Location in Nucleus Nucleus and cytoplasm the cell Size (# of 2 1 strands) Function Store all genetic information Carries one gene code to the ribosome 2. Write the complimentary strand for the DNA shown below. (Remember your base pairing rules in DNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs with _____. ) DNA C T T G C A A T T T G C DNA 3. A gene is ____a segment of DNA that codes for one protein (trait)____________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________. 4. Write the mRNA strand for the following DNA strand. (Remember the base pair rules in RNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs DNA Sequence: ATC – CCG – GAT mRNA Sequence: _____________________ with ______) Explain how information is transferred from DNA and RNA by explaining transcription and translation. 5. What is transcription and where in the cell does it occur? _______making mRNA by coping DNA’s code in the nucleus_________________________ 6. What two molecules are involved in transcription? ____DNA___________ and ______mRNA___________ 7. What is translation and where in the cell does it occur? _______reading the code and creating the protein in the ribosome___________________________ 8. What molecules are involved in translation? mRNA, __tRNA__________, ___rRNA________, _amino acids__, ___protein_____________ 9. Fill in the table below. Type of RNA Role in Protein Synthesis mRNA rRNA tRNA 10. How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA? _4____ 11. What base is found on RNA but not on DNA? __U (uracil)___ 12. How many bases are in a codon? __3___ 13. How many bases are in an anticodon? ___3__ 14. How many amino acids are attached to a single tRNA? __1___ 15. Three nucleotide bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid is a(an) codon/anticodon. Circle one 16. Three nucleotide bases on tRNA that complement the three bases on mRNA is a(an) codon/anitcodon. Circle one 17. The table above is used to identify amino acids. Which molecule is used to do so? a. DNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. rRNA 18. Use the Codons in mRNA table to find out the amino acid or mRNA codon: AUG = ___start_________ GUA = ____valine________ GGG = ______glycine______ UCA = ____serine________ 19. Complete the process of protein synthesis: DNA: TAC-CGA-TTT-GTG-CAA-GAG-AAG-TCA-CGG-AAA-CGC-AAG-ACT mRNA: _____________________________________________________________________ tRNA: ______________________________________________________________________ Protein (amino acids): ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Protein synthesis is the process of making __proteins__________. A gene is the instructions to make a ___protein_________. The protein is the expressed __trait_____ of the organism. 21. Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell? ___ribosome_______________ 22. The process of protein synthesis begins with one __gene_________ on found in the DNA. The gene is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA, tRNA and, rRNA work together to build a __protein________ made out of amino acids. This protein performs a specific function and expresses a __trait__________. 23. Label the diagram with the following terms: Ribosome, DNA, Nitrogen bases, tRNA, mRNA, amino acid, protein Describe the effect of mutations on the process of protein synthesis. 24. A mutation is a __change__________ in DNA that results in an altered ___protein_______ performing different functions in the cell. 25. What causes mutations? __caffeine__________, ___carbon tetrachloride___________, and ___sacchrine, lead, radiation___________ 26. Circle the mutation in the table below and describe how it changes the protein made. Normal DNA: CCC – GAG – AAC Abnormal (mutated DNA): CAA – GAG - AAC When the abnormal protein is made the amino acid ____valine________ replaces _____glycine________ from the normal DNA. Use the following scenario to answer the questions. A scientist wanted to determine if tobacco products cause a mutation for cancer. The scientist used mouse lung cells and exposed them to carbon tetrachloride (toxin in tobacco products) and then counted the number of mutations found in the cell. 27. Identify the problem (?) the scientist is investigating. _____Does carbon tetrachloride cause mutations?___________________ ______________________________ 28. What is the independent variable? _____amount of carbon tetrachloride______________ 29. What is the dependent variable? ____amount of mutation__________________________ 30. What would be a good control group for this experiment? ___cells with NO carbon tetrachloride__ 31. Name some constants this scientist should use. __type of cell, number of cells, type of environment, exposure time______