Download What_I_need_to_know_about_Protein_Synthesis_2013.answer key

What I need to know about Protein Synthesis
Compare the structure and function of DNA and RNA.
1. Fill in the table below.
DNA
RNA
Nitrogen
ATCG
AUCG
bases Present
Location in
Nucleus
Nucleus and cytoplasm
the cell
Size (# of
2
1
strands)
Function
Store all genetic
information
Carries one gene code
to the ribosome
2. Write the complimentary strand for the DNA shown below.
(Remember your base pairing rules in DNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs with _____. )
DNA
C
T
T
G
C
A
A
T
T
T
G
C
DNA
3. A gene is ____a segment of
DNA that codes for one
protein (trait)____________
__________________________
__________________________
____________.
4. Write the mRNA strand for the following DNA strand.
(Remember the base pair rules in RNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs
DNA Sequence:
ATC – CCG – GAT
mRNA Sequence: _____________________
with ______)
Explain how information is transferred from DNA and RNA by explaining transcription and
translation.
5. What is transcription and where in the cell does it occur?
_______making mRNA by coping DNA’s code in the nucleus_________________________
6. What two molecules are involved in transcription?
____DNA___________ and ______mRNA___________
7. What is translation and where in the cell does it occur?
_______reading the code and creating the protein in the ribosome___________________________
8. What molecules are involved in translation?
mRNA, __tRNA__________, ___rRNA________, _amino acids__, ___protein_____________
9. Fill in the table below.
Type of RNA
Role in Protein Synthesis
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
10. How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA? _4____
11. What base is found on RNA but not on DNA? __U (uracil)___
12. How many bases are in a codon? __3___
13. How many bases are in an anticodon? ___3__
14. How many amino acids are attached to a single tRNA? __1___
15. Three nucleotide bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid is a(an) codon/anticodon.
Circle one
16. Three nucleotide bases on tRNA that complement the three bases on mRNA is a(an)
codon/anitcodon. Circle one
17. The table above is used to
identify amino acids. Which
molecule is used to do so?
a. DNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. rRNA
18. Use the Codons in mRNA table to find out the amino acid or mRNA codon:
AUG = ___start_________
GUA = ____valine________
GGG = ______glycine______
UCA = ____serine________
19. Complete the process of protein synthesis:
DNA: TAC-CGA-TTT-GTG-CAA-GAG-AAG-TCA-CGG-AAA-CGC-AAG-ACT
mRNA: _____________________________________________________________________
tRNA: ______________________________________________________________________
Protein (amino acids): ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
20. Protein synthesis is the process of making
__proteins__________. A gene is the instructions to
make a ___protein_________. The protein is the
expressed __trait_____ of the organism.
21. Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
___ribosome_______________
22. The process of protein synthesis begins with one
__gene_________ on found in the DNA. The gene is
transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA, tRNA and, rRNA
work together to build a __protein________ made out
of amino acids. This protein performs a specific
function and expresses a __trait__________.
23. Label the diagram with the following terms:
Ribosome, DNA, Nitrogen bases, tRNA, mRNA, amino
acid, protein
Describe the effect of mutations on the process of protein synthesis.
24. A mutation is a __change__________ in DNA that results in an altered ___protein_______
performing different functions in the cell.
25. What causes mutations? __caffeine__________, ___carbon tetrachloride___________, and
___sacchrine, lead, radiation___________
26. Circle the mutation in the table below and describe how it changes the protein made.
Normal DNA: CCC – GAG – AAC
Abnormal (mutated DNA): CAA – GAG - AAC
When the abnormal protein is made the amino acid ____valine________ replaces
_____glycine________ from the normal DNA.
Use the following scenario to answer the questions.
A scientist wanted to determine if tobacco products cause a mutation for cancer. The scientist used
mouse lung cells and exposed them to carbon tetrachloride (toxin in tobacco products) and then
counted the number of mutations found in the cell.
27. Identify the problem (?) the scientist is investigating. _____Does carbon tetrachloride cause
mutations?___________________ ______________________________
28. What is the independent variable? _____amount of carbon tetrachloride______________
29. What is the dependent variable? ____amount of mutation__________________________
30. What would be a good control group for this experiment? ___cells with NO carbon tetrachloride__
31. Name some constants this scientist should use. __type of cell, number of cells, type of
environment, exposure time______