Download 548475Review_guide_ch_5

REVIEW GUIDE (Chapter 5, sections 1, 2, and 3)
Name
Class
Section 1: Reviewing Key Concepts
1. (a) Identifying: Identify three patterns of inheritance in humans. Give an example of a trait
that follows each pattern.
(b) Summarizing: How many human blood types are there? Summarize how blood type is
inherited.
(c) Drawing Conclusions: Aaron has blood type O. Can either of his parents have blood type
AB? Explain your answer.
2.
(a) Reviewing: What are the functions of the sex chromosomes?
(b) Comparing And Contrasting: Contrast the sex chromosomes found in human females and
human males.
(c) Relating Cause and Effect: Explain how red-green colorblindness is inherited. Why is the
condition more common in males than in females?
3. (a) Reviewing: Are a person’s characteristics determined only by genes? Explain.
(b) Applying Concepts: Explain what factors might work together to enable a great soccer player
to kick a ball a long distance.
Section 1 practice quiz
1. You are told that one of a child’s parents has type A blood while the other parent has type B
blood. The child’s blood type:
a. could be A, B, AB, or O.
b. could be A or B only.
c. Must be AB.
d. Could be AB or O only.
2. Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male child?
a. XX
b. YY
c. XY
d. YO
3. What is the relationship between genes and the environment?
a. The environment has no effect on genes.
b. The environment determines which traits a person inherits.
c. The environment only affects a person’s genotype, while genes only affect a person’s
phenotype.
d. Many of a person’s characteristics are determined by their interaction between genes and the
environment.
Section 2: Reviewing Key Concepts
1. (a) Identifying: Identify the two major causes of genetic disorders in humans.
(b) Explaining: Which of those two major causes is responsible for Down syndrome?
(c) Describing: How are the cells of a person with Down syndrome different from those of a
person without the disorder?
2. (a) Defining: What is a pedigree?
(b) Inferring: Why are pedigrees helpful in understanding genetic disorders?
(c) Applying Concepts: Sam has hemophilia. Sam’s brother, mother, and father do not have
hemophilia. Draw a pedigree showing who has the disorder and who is a
carrier.
3. (a) Reviewing: What is a karyotype?
(b) Inferring: Would a karyotype reveal the presence of sickle-cell disease? Why or why not?
Section 2: practice quiz
1. Hemophilia is caused by a(n)
a. recessive allele on the X chromosome
b. extra chromosome
c. codominant allele
d. a mutation in which three bases are removed from a molecule
2. One important tool that geneticists use to trace the inheritance traits through several generations of
a family is a
a. pedigree
b. Punnett square
c. karyotype
d. phenotype
3. A picture of all the cell’s chromosomes is a
a. pedigree
b. genome
c. karyotype
d. genotype
Section 3: Reviewing Key Concepts
1. (a) Listing: List three methods that scientists can use to develop organisms with desirable traits.
(b) Describing: Briefly describe each method.
(c) Applying Concepts: Lupita has a houseplant. Which method would be the best way of
producing a similar plant for a friend? Explain your answer.
2. (a) Defining: What is a genome?
(b) Explaining: What is the Human Genome Project?
(c) Relating Cause and Effect: How might knowledge gained from the Human Genome Project
be used in gene therapy?
Section 3: practice quiz
1. Which form of selective breeding involves crossing parents with the same or similar sets of
alleles?
a. Cloning
b. hybridization
c. inbreeding
d. genetic engineering
2. Genes from one organism may be transferred into the DNA of another in the process called:
a. selective breeding
b. inbreeding
c. cloning
d. genetic engineering
3. A genome is
a. All the DNA in one organism
b. All the DNA in one cell of an organism
c. A group of scientists
d. A small ring of DNA
All 3 sections put together: practice quiz
1. A human trait that is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles is
a. dimples
b. blood type c. height
d. skin color
2. A sex-linked disorder is
a. Cystic fibrosis
c. hemophilia
b. sickle-cell disease
d. Down syndrome
3. Which of the following would most likely be used to diagnose Down syndrome
a. a karyotype
b. a pedigree
c. a blood-clotting test
d. a Punnett square
4. Inserting a human gene into a bacterial plasmid is an example of
a. Inbreeding
b. selective breeding
c. DNA fingerprinting
d. genetic engineering
5. An organism that has the same genes as the organism from which it was produced is called a
a. clone
b. hybrid
c. genome
d. pedigree
Use the pedigree below to answer questions 6 and 7.
6. Which of the following is true for the first
generation?
a. Both the man and the woman have sicklecell disease
b. Both the man and the woman are carriers of
sickle-cell disease.
c. Only the woman is a carrier of sickle-cell
disease.
d. Only the man is a carrier of sickle-cell
e.
disease.
7. How many people in the second generation
have sickle-cell disease?
a. none
b. one person
c. two people
d. three people
8. Which statement is true about the third
generation?
a. no one has sickle –cell disease
b. everyone has sickle cell disease
c. everyone has at least one allele for
sickle-cell disease.
d. no one has any alleles for sickle-cell
disease.
Advances in Genetics (this is from section 3)
Understanding Main Ideas
1. What are two types of selective breeding, and how do they compare?
2. What is cloning?
3. How are bacteria used in genetic engineering?
4. How could gene therapy someday be used to treat genetic disorders?
5. What is the Human Genome Project?
Key Terms
Use the clues to identify Key Terms from the chapter. Write the terms on the lines.
6. A person with one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait ________________________
7. An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced__________________
8. All the DNA in one cell of an organism ________________________
9. Breeders cross two genetically different organisms ________________________
10. Breeders cross two genetically similar organisms ________________________
11. A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell ________________________
12. A chart that tracks which family members have a certain trait ________________________
If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the
statement true.
(13)
A widow’s peak is a human trait that is controlled by a single gene.
(14)
A male inherits two X chromosomes.
(15)
A karyotype tracks which members of a family have a trait.
(16)
Hybridization is the crossing of two genetically similar organisms.
(17)
A genome is all the DNA in one cell of an organism.
Applying Skills
Use the Punnett square to answer Questions 18–20. This
Punnet square shows how muscular dystrophy, a
sex-linked recessive disorder, is inherited.
(18) Interpreting Data: What is the probability that a daughter of these parents will have muscular
dystrophy? Explain your answer.
(19) Interpreting Data: What is the probability that a son of these parents will have muscular dystrophy?
Explain your answer.
(20) Inferring: Is it possible for a woman to have muscular dystrophy? Why or why not?
(21) Problem Solving: A woman with normal color vision has a colorblind daughter. What are the
genotypes and phenotypes of both parents?
(22) Calculating: If a mother is a carrier of hemophilia and the father does not have hemophilia, what is
the probability that their son will have the trait? Explain your answer.
(23) Interpreting Diagrams: The allele for cystic fibrosis is recessive. Identify which members of the
family in the pedigree have cystic fibrosis and which are carriers.