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Name _______________________________ Date ___________________ Period ____________ Genes and Heredity (Answer in complete sentences! Sciencesaurus Pages 112-123.) 1. Explain reproduction in your own words. Include species in your answer. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain sexual reproduction in your own words. Include sperm, egg cells, meiosis, and chromosomes. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain fertilization in your own words. Also, what is a zygote? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain, in your own words, the process of asexual reproduction. How is this different than sexual reproduction? Include 3 ideas. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is DNA? Why is it so important? Describe 3 characteristics and draw a diagram. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain genes in your own words. How are they connected to chromosomes? ________________________________________________________________________________________ DNA Diagram ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is the human genome? How are genes connected to the human genome? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explain (in your own words) the X and Y chromosomes. How are they unique? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Explain, in your own words, the Human Genome Project. Explain two things scientists discovered. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Explain identical and fraternal twins in your own words. Identical Twins ________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Fraternal Twins ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Name _______________________________ Date ___________________ Period ____________ 11. Explain cloning in your own words. Why is it so controversial? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Explain heredity in your own words. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Who is considered the “Father of Genetics?” What did he do and why is he famous? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Explain how traits for some health conditions can be inherited. Provide an example. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Explain how the environment influences your traits. Provide two examples. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Explain an allele in your own words. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Describe two similarities and two differences between a dominant and recessive allele. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. What is considered a pure trait? What is another word for this type of allele? Provide an example too! ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. What is considered a hybrid trait? What is another word for this type of allele? Provide an example too! ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Describe a Punnett Square in your own words. How does it visually show the possible alleles of offspring? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Explain a genotype in your own words and provide an example. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Explain a phenotype in your own words and provide an example. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Explain how it is sometimes difficult to predict traits (and provide an example). ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
