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NAME_____________________________________________________ Pad#_________ 1. A) B) C) D) E) The endocrine system is isolated from the nervous system. releases neurotransmitters into ducts. contains organs called exocrine glands. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. communicates via frequency-modulated signals. 2. A) B) C) D) E) Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. operate primarily by positive feedback. are secreted into the external environment where they act. alter the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters. 3. A) B) C) Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals. pitch-modulated D) amplitude-modulated frequency-modulated E) resonance-modulated harmonic 4. An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a A) neurohormone. D) neurosynthesizer B) neuropathogen. E) neurocrine. C) neurotransmitter. 5. The hypothalamohypophyseal tract travels to the A) thalamus B) anterior pituitary C) posterior pituitary D) pineal 6. A chemical released into the local area which affects cells different than the cell making the chemical is best referred to as A) paracrine B) autocrine C) phermone D) neurohormone E) hormone Version A - Page 1 7. A) B) C) D) E) Hormonal secretion can be regulated by other hormones. the action of a substance other than a hormone. the nervous system. all of the above. none of the above. 8. A) B) C) D) E) Secretion of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is regulated by the action of other hormones. the sympathetic nervous system. the nervous system. the action of a substance other than a hormone. the parasympathetic nervous system. 9. Insulin released in response to increasing blood glucose levels is an example of which type of hormone release? A) acute B) cyclic C) chronic 10. An example of a situation where the nervous system regulates the rate of hormonal secretion is when A) increasing blood glucose levels stimulate insulin secretion. B) TSH stimulates the release of thyroxine. C) TRH stimulates the release of TSH. D) sympathetic neurons stimulate the release of epinephrine. E) LH stimulates ovulation. 11. Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is false? A) Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. B) Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. C) Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. D) Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. E) All of the statements are true. 12. The gland located in the throat just below the larynx is the... A) pancreas B) pineal C) hypothalamus D) thymus E) thyroid Page 2 13. A) B) C) Which of the following is least suceptible to proteolytic enzymes in the blood? steroid hormone D) amino acid (or derivitive) hormone protein hormone E) glycoprotein hormone peptide hormone 14. Target cells for a particular hormone might produce new receptors to become more sensitive to a hormone by which of these methods? A) positive feedback B) negative feedback C) up-regulation D) down-regulation 15. Intracellular receptors most often interact with A) lipid based hormones B) protein based hormones C) protein based receptors 16. Which of these methods for removing hormones from the bloodstream might 'recycle' a hormone molecule for later reuse? A) conjugation B) excretion C) enzymatic breakdown D) active transport 17. A) B) C) D) E) The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine the rate of action of a hormone. the rate of travel through the blood to a target. the identify of a hormone. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. the rate of hormone secretion. 18. A) B) C) Once a hormone is conjugated in the liver it can be rapidly eliminated. D) it can be stored for later use. it is actively transported into cells. E) its half-life is increased. it is more slowly eliminated. 19. A) B) C) D) E) How do hormones and target cells recognize one another? by the location of the hormones by signs by the location of the target cells by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells by the function of the target cells Page 3 20. A) B) C) D) E) Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. in the lysosomes of their target cells. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. in the cytoplasm of their target cells. on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 21. Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules? A) GnRH B) G protein C) calcium D) FSH E) ATP 22. When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated A) a negative feedback cycle. D) a protein kinase effect. B) a cyclic effect. E) a double loop effect. C) a cascade effect. 23. A) B) C) Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor? opens membrane channels. D) alters membrane permeability. activation of cyclic AMP E) increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes activation of mRNA synthesis 24. A) B) C) D) E) Steroid hormones act by activating cAMP. are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. are water soluble. bind to membrane receptors. 25. Antiduretic hormone acts on which target tissue? A) bone B) intestine C) most body cells D) kidney 26. What light level might be used as a theraputic treatment for SAD? A) 1000 lux B) 100,000 lux C) 100 lux D) 10,000 lux 27. Which structure produces both Corticotropin Releasing Hormone and Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone? A) hypophysis B) pineal C) hypothalamus D) pituitary Page 4 28. The hormone responsible for both uterine contractions and milk expulsion is A) relaxin B) ADH C) oxytocin D) prolactin 29. Which factor controls the release of ADH? A) osmolality B) kidney activity C) pH of body tissues D) blood pressure 30. Which hormone might be released in response to low levels of blood calcium? A) melatonin B) parathyroid hormone C) prolactin D) calcitonin 31. Hashimoto's Disease, Cretinism, and Grave's Disease are all caused by problems with which gland? A) thyroid B) thymus C) hypotalamus D) pituitary 32. A) B) C) Which of the following is a subdivision of the anterior pituitary? pars proximalis D) pars hypothalamus pars nervosa E) pars infundibuli pars distalis 33. A) B) C) D) E) The posterior pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus. produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. is not related to fluid balance in the body. has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus. stores lipotropins. 34. A) B) C) The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. E) hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary 35. A) B) C) D) E) Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by the overall rate of metabolism. neurons from the hypothalamus. hormones of the thalamus. neurohormones of the hypothalamus. itself (anterior pituitary) because it is the master gland of the body. Page 5 36. A) B) C) D) E) Releasing hormones increase anterior pituitary secretion . decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary. are produced in the pars distalis. travel on axons to the posterior pituitary. cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. 37. A) B) C) If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame, ADH secretion decreases. D) there is no effect on ADH secretion. ADH secretion stops. E) none of the above ADH secretion increases. 38. A) B) C) D) E) Oxytocin is responsible for causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor. regulating blood calcium levels. preventing the formation of goiters. preventing release of insulin from the pancreas. milk production by the mammary glands. 39. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary? A) FSH B) CRH C) ADH D) Oxytocin E) TRH 40. A) B) C) D) E) Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone? growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) T3 and T4 a posterior pituitary-inhibiting hormone growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) somatomedins 41. A) B) C) D) E) If growth hormone (GH) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will be in constant danger of dehydration. develop acromegaly as an adult. probably experience reduced bone growth. probably experience increased bone growth. mature sexually at an earlier age. 42. Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary? A) prolactin B) ACTH C) ADH D) LH E) FSH Page 6 43. A) B) C) D) E) Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle? center is called the isthmus small capillary networks walls contain a single layer of parafollicular cells it is a solid ball of cells stores thyroid hormone 44. Which of the following ions is necessary for thyroid hormone production? A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) chlorine E) iodine 45. A) B) C) T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of thyroid follicles as part of the _____ molecule. calcitonin D) thyroxine-binding protein thyrotropin E) thyroglobulin thyroid-stimulating hormone 46. A) B) C) D) E) In the blood T3 and T4 are rapidly metabolized. T3 is converted into T4. T3 but not T4 is bound to TSH. most thyroid hormones are transported in a free form. most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). 47. Which of the following characteristics is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones? A) increased heart rate D) exophthalmos B) weight loss E) warm, flushed skin C) weight gain 48. A) B) C) The rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when serum levels of sodium levels increase. D) serum levels of TSH decrease. serum levels of TSH increase. E) serum calcium levels decrease. serum calcium levels increase. 49. A) B) C) D) E) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium excretion by the intestine. allows the kidneys to retain calcium. stimulates kidneys to excrete calcium. decreases blood calcium levels. tends to inhibit osteoclasts. Page 7 50. A) B) C) The presence of an goiter is associated with cretinism. D) too little TSH. hypothyroidism. E) lack of iodine in the diet. hyperthyroidism. 51. Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone? A) small intestine B) pancreas C) stomach D) blood E) thyroid 52. Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood calcium levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to A) damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. B) post-traumatic stress disorder. C) thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery. D) accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. E) improper laboratory handling of blood samples. 53. A) B) C) Adrenal androgens derive from which portion of the adrenal gland? zona fasciculata D) zona reticularis medula E) hakuna matata zona glomerulosa 54. A) B) C) The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the renal glands. D) adrenal glands. thyroid glands. E) parathyroid glands. vestibular glands. 55. A) B) C) The primary stimulus for release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from aldosterone. D) the kidneys. the anterior pituitary. E) the parasympathetic nervous system. the sympathetic nervous system. 56. A) B) C) The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa are catecholamines. D) cortisol and ADH. glucocorticoids. E) androgens. mineralocorticoids. Page 8 57. A) B) C) D) E) The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal body is regulated by a person's individual metabolic rate. the stress response. the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight). blood glucose levels. the amount of sleep a person gets. 58. A) B) C) D) E) The glucocorticoids glycogenolysis. stimulate gluconeogenesis. increase the inflammatory response. supplement the sex hormones from the gonads. decrease synthesis of glycogen. 59. A) B) C) D) E) Adrenal androgens decrease the sex drive. cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney. stimulate growth of pubic hair in females. are produced in the adrenal medulla. reduce the inflammatory response. 60. A) B) C) D) E) A function of insulin is to increase breakdown of fats. increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues. increase gluconeogenesis. increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle. 61. A) B) C) D) E) Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true? Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans. The pancreas is located above the liver. The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis. Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini. Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct. 62. A) B) C) D) E) When blood sugar levels decrease, there is no change in insulin or glucagon levels. insulin and glucagon secretion increase. insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases. insulin and glucagon secretion decrease. insulin secretion increases; glucagon secretion decreases. Page 9 63. Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low A) the person is sleepy. B) the person feels "full" or satisfied. C) the person is intensely hungry. D) there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings. E) the person is thirsty. 64. A) B) C) Which of the following would affect blood glucose levels? aldosterone production D) protein content of a meal breakdown of glycogen E) gastrointestinal hormones fat content of a meal 65. Identify the structure A) secondary follicle B) Graafian follicle C) corpus luteum D) primary follicle 66. Which hormone is produced by the structure indicated in the previous question? A) GnRH B) prolactin C) progesterone D) LH E) FSH 67. Identify the structure labeled here A) infundibulum B) pineal C) pars tuberalis D) hypothalamus E) pituitary 68. Secretions from the gland regulate from the previous question regulates which of the following? A) adrenal cortex secretions D) adenohypophysis secretions B) sleep E) digestive enzymes C) thyroid 69. Identify the gland seen here A) ultrarenal B) renal C) suprarenal D) hyperrenal E) hyporenal 70. The central portions of this structure produces which of the following A) androgens C) epinephrine & norepinephrine B) mineral corticoids D) glucocortacoids 71. Cells from this region produce neurohormones which regulate hormone release in the A) adrenal B) thymus C) neurohypophysis D) adenohypophysis Page 10 72. Identify this structure A) adrenal gland B) snall intestine C) pancreas D) pituitary 73. Which of the following hormones might be released from this gland? A) aldosterone B) epinephrine C) D) GnRH E) insulin 74. Identify the gland seen here A) pancreas B) thymus C) thyroid D) parathyroid 75. Identify the small gland seen here... A) pancreas B) parathyroid C) thymus 76. Identify the region of adrenal gland A) zona reticulata B) zona glomerulosa D) thyroid C) medula D) zona fasiculata 77. The region labeled in the previous question produces which hormone(s)? A) androgens C) glucocortocoids B) adrenaline & noradrenaline D) mineral cortocoids Page 11 Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. D B D A C A D A A D C E A C A D D A D E B C C C D D C (No Answer Provided) A B A C D A D A A A A A C E E E Page 12 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. E E C E B C A D D D C C C B C B A C C B C C D D C C D C E C B B D Page 13