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NAME_____________________________________________________ Pad#_________
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The endocrine system
is isolated from the nervous system.
releases neurotransmitters into ducts.
contains organs called exocrine glands.
secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
communicates via frequency-modulated signals.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that
affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues.
help coordinate growth, development and reproduction.
operate primarily by positive feedback.
are secreted into the external environment where they act.
alter the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters.
3.
A)
B)
C)
Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.
pitch-modulated
D) amplitude-modulated
frequency-modulated
E) resonance-modulated
harmonic
4. An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a
hormone would be called a
A) neurohormone.
D) neurosynthesizer
B) neuropathogen.
E) neurocrine.
C) neurotransmitter.
5. The hypothalamohypophyseal tract travels to the
A) thalamus B) anterior pituitary C) posterior pituitary
D) pineal
6. A chemical released into the local area which affects cells different than the cell making
the chemical is best referred to as
A) paracrine B) autocrine C) phermone D) neurohormone E) hormone
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hormonal secretion can be regulated by
other hormones.
the action of a substance other than a hormone.
the nervous system.
all of the above.
none of the above.
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Secretion of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is regulated by
the action of other hormones.
the sympathetic nervous system.
the nervous system.
the action of a substance other than a hormone.
the parasympathetic nervous system.
9. Insulin released in response to increasing blood glucose levels is an example of which
type of hormone release?
A) acute B) cyclic C) chronic
10. An example of a situation where the nervous system regulates the rate of hormonal
secretion is when
A) increasing blood glucose levels stimulate insulin secretion.
B) TSH stimulates the release of thyroxine.
C) TRH stimulates the release of TSH.
D) sympathetic neurons stimulate the release of epinephrine.
E) LH stimulates ovulation.
11. Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is
false?
A) Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues.
B) Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins.
C) Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration.
D) Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins.
E) All of the statements are true.
12. The gland located in the throat just below the larynx is the...
A) pancreas B) pineal C) hypothalamus D) thymus E) thyroid
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13.
A)
B)
C)
Which of the following is least suceptible to proteolytic enzymes in the blood?
steroid hormone
D) amino acid (or derivitive) hormone
protein hormone
E) glycoprotein hormone
peptide hormone
14. Target cells for a particular hormone might produce new receptors to become more
sensitive to a hormone by which of these methods?
A) positive feedback B) negative feedback C) up-regulation D) down-regulation
15. Intracellular receptors most often interact with
A) lipid based hormones B) protein based hormones
C) protein based receptors
16. Which of these methods for removing hormones from the bloodstream might 'recycle' a
hormone molecule for later reuse?
A) conjugation B) excretion C) enzymatic breakdown D) active transport
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine
the rate of action of a hormone.
the rate of travel through the blood to a target.
the identify of a hormone.
the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
the rate of hormone secretion.
18.
A)
B)
C)
Once a hormone is conjugated in the liver
it can be rapidly eliminated.
D) it can be stored for later use.
it is actively transported into cells.
E) its half-life is increased.
it is more slowly eliminated.
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?
by the location of the hormones
by signs
by the location of the target cells
by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
by the function of the target cells
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20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located
on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.
in the lysosomes of their target cells.
on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
21. Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound
receptor molecules?
A) GnRH B) G protein C) calcium D) FSH E) ATP
22. When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes and each of these
activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated
A) a negative feedback cycle.
D) a protein kinase effect.
B) a cyclic effect.
E) a double loop effect.
C) a cascade effect.
23.
A)
B)
C)
Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor?
opens membrane channels.
D) alters membrane permeability.
activation of cyclic AMP
E) increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
activation of mRNA synthesis
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Steroid hormones
act by activating cAMP.
are inactivated by phosphodiesterase.
diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
are water soluble.
bind to membrane receptors.
25. Antiduretic hormone acts on which target tissue?
A) bone B) intestine C) most body cells D) kidney
26. What light level might be used as a theraputic treatment for SAD?
A) 1000 lux B) 100,000 lux C) 100 lux D) 10,000 lux
27. Which structure produces both Corticotropin Releasing Hormone and Growth Hormone
Inhibiting Hormone?
A) hypophysis B) pineal C) hypothalamus D) pituitary
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28. The hormone responsible for both uterine contractions and milk expulsion is
A) relaxin B) ADH C) oxytocin D) prolactin
29. Which factor controls the release of ADH?
A) osmolality B) kidney activity C) pH of body tissues
D) blood pressure
30. Which hormone might be released in response to low levels of blood calcium?
A) melatonin B) parathyroid hormone C) prolactin D) calcitonin
31. Hashimoto's Disease, Cretinism, and Grave's Disease are all caused by problems with
which gland?
A) thyroid B) thymus C) hypotalamus D) pituitary
32.
A)
B)
C)
Which of the following is a subdivision of the anterior pituitary?
pars proximalis
D) pars hypothalamus
pars nervosa
E) pars infundibuli
pars distalis
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The posterior pituitary
is controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus.
produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
is not related to fluid balance in the body.
has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
stores lipotropins.
34.
A)
B)
C)
The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
D) posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus.
anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus.
E) hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by
the overall rate of metabolism.
neurons from the hypothalamus.
hormones of the thalamus.
neurohormones of the hypothalamus.
itself (anterior pituitary) because it is the master gland of the body.
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36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Releasing hormones
increase anterior pituitary secretion .
decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary.
are produced in the pars distalis.
travel on axons to the posterior pituitary.
cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells.
37.
A)
B)
C)
If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame,
ADH secretion decreases.
D) there is no effect on ADH secretion.
ADH secretion stops.
E) none of the above
ADH secretion increases.
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Oxytocin is responsible for
causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
regulating blood calcium levels.
preventing the formation of goiters.
preventing release of insulin from the pancreas.
milk production by the mammary glands.
39. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary?
A) FSH B) CRH C) ADH D) Oxytocin E) TRH
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
T3 and T4
a posterior pituitary-inhibiting hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
somatomedins
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
If growth hormone (GH) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will
be in constant danger of dehydration.
develop acromegaly as an adult.
probably experience reduced bone growth.
probably experience increased bone growth.
mature sexually at an earlier age.
42. Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary?
A) prolactin B) ACTH C) ADH D) LH E) FSH
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43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle?
center is called the isthmus
small capillary networks
walls contain a single layer of parafollicular cells
it is a solid ball of cells
stores thyroid hormone
44. Which of the following ions is necessary for thyroid hormone production?
A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) chlorine E) iodine
45.
A)
B)
C)
T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of thyroid follicles as part of the _____ molecule.
calcitonin
D) thyroxine-binding protein
thyrotropin
E) thyroglobulin
thyroid-stimulating hormone
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the blood
T3 and T4 are rapidly metabolized.
T3 is converted into T4.
T3 but not T4 is bound to TSH.
most thyroid hormones are transported in a free form.
most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
47. Which of the following characteristics is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid
hormones?
A) increased heart rate
D) exophthalmos
B) weight loss
E) warm, flushed skin
C) weight gain
48.
A)
B)
C)
The rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when
serum levels of sodium levels increase.
D) serum levels of TSH decrease.
serum levels of TSH increase.
E) serum calcium levels decrease.
serum calcium levels increase.
49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
increases calcium excretion by the intestine.
allows the kidneys to retain calcium.
stimulates kidneys to excrete calcium.
decreases blood calcium levels.
tends to inhibit osteoclasts.
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50.
A)
B)
C)
The presence of an goiter is associated with
cretinism.
D) too little TSH.
hypothyroidism.
E) lack of iodine in the diet.
hyperthyroidism.
51. Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone?
A) small intestine B) pancreas C) stomach D) blood E) thyroid
52. Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to
remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood calcium levels began
declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to
A) damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery.
B) post-traumatic stress disorder.
C) thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery.
D) accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery.
E) improper laboratory handling of blood samples.
53.
A)
B)
C)
Adrenal androgens derive from which portion of the adrenal gland?
zona fasciculata
D) zona reticularis
medula
E) hakuna matata
zona glomerulosa
54.
A)
B)
C)
The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the
renal glands.
D) adrenal glands.
thyroid glands.
E) parathyroid glands.
vestibular glands.
55.
A)
B)
C)
The primary stimulus for release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from
aldosterone.
D) the kidneys.
the anterior pituitary.
E) the parasympathetic nervous system.
the sympathetic nervous system.
56.
A)
B)
C)
The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa are
catecholamines.
D) cortisol and ADH.
glucocorticoids.
E) androgens.
mineralocorticoids.
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57.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal body is regulated by
a person's individual metabolic rate.
the stress response.
the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight).
blood glucose levels.
the amount of sleep a person gets.
58.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The glucocorticoids
glycogenolysis.
stimulate gluconeogenesis.
increase the inflammatory response.
supplement the sex hormones from the gonads.
decrease synthesis of glycogen.
59.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Adrenal androgens
decrease the sex drive.
cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney.
stimulate growth of pubic hair in females.
are produced in the adrenal medulla.
reduce the inflammatory response.
60.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A function of insulin is to
increase breakdown of fats.
increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues.
increase gluconeogenesis.
increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle.
61.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true?
Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans.
The pancreas is located above the liver.
The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis.
Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini.
Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct.
62.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
When blood sugar levels decrease,
there is no change in insulin or glucagon levels.
insulin and glucagon secretion increase.
insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases.
insulin and glucagon secretion decrease.
insulin secretion increases; glucagon secretion decreases.
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63. Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in
extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low
A) the person is sleepy.
B) the person feels "full" or satisfied.
C) the person is intensely hungry.
D) there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings.
E) the person is thirsty.
64.
A)
B)
C)
Which of the following would affect blood glucose levels?
aldosterone production
D) protein content of a meal
breakdown of glycogen
E) gastrointestinal hormones
fat content of a meal
65. Identify the structure
A) secondary follicle
B) Graafian follicle
C) corpus luteum D) primary follicle
66. Which hormone is produced by the structure indicated in the previous question?
A) GnRH B) prolactin C) progesterone D) LH E) FSH
67. Identify the structure labeled here
A) infundibulum B) pineal C) pars tuberalis
D) hypothalamus
E) pituitary
68. Secretions from the gland regulate from the previous question regulates which of the
following?
A) adrenal cortex secretions
D) adenohypophysis secretions
B) sleep
E) digestive enzymes
C) thyroid
69. Identify the gland seen here
A) ultrarenal B) renal C) suprarenal
D) hyperrenal
E) hyporenal
70. The central portions of this structure produces which of the following
A) androgens
C) epinephrine & norepinephrine
B) mineral corticoids
D) glucocortacoids
71. Cells from this region produce neurohormones which regulate hormone release in the
A) adrenal B) thymus C) neurohypophysis D) adenohypophysis
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72. Identify this structure
A) adrenal gland B) snall intestine
C) pancreas
D) pituitary
73. Which of the following hormones might be released from this gland?
A) aldosterone B) epinephrine C)
D) GnRH E) insulin
74. Identify the gland seen here
A) pancreas B) thymus C) thyroid
D) parathyroid
75. Identify the small gland seen here...
A) pancreas B) parathyroid C) thymus
76. Identify the region of adrenal gland
A) zona reticulata B) zona glomerulosa
D) thyroid
C) medula
D) zona fasiculata
77. The region labeled in the previous question produces which hormone(s)?
A) androgens
C) glucocortocoids
B) adrenaline & noradrenaline
D) mineral cortocoids
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Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
D
B
D
A
C
A
D
A
A
D
C
E
A
C
A
D
D
A
D
E
B
C
C
C
D
D
C
(No Answer Provided)
A
B
A
C
D
A
D
A
A
A
A
A
C
E
E
E
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45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
E
E
C
E
B
C
A
D
D
D
C
C
C
B
C
B
A
C
C
B
C
C
D
D
C
C
D
C
E
C
B
B
D
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