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Transcript
BioBases Exam #2 Study Guide STRESS AND SEX I) A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) II) A) B) Endocrine System (8 major glands) Pineal Gland: circadian behaviors Pituitary: “master” control gland 1) Location: hangs beneath hypothalamus 2) Anterior Pituitary: ‘MASTER’ gland (a) releases 6 major hormones (i) FSH – follicle stimulating hormone: signals follicles to mature (ii) LH – leutinizing hormone: signals release of follicle into follopian tube (iii) PRL – prolactin: production of milk (iv) TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates thyroid (v) GH – growth hormone: affects growth (vi) ACTH – adreno-co-tropic hormone: stimulates pn of cortisol from adrenal glands. 3) Posterior Pituitary: (a) releases 2 hormones pd in HYPOTHALAMUS (i) ADH – anti-diuretic hormone: blood volume control (retains water in blood) (ii) Oxytocin – stimulates uterine contractions and lactation Thyroid: growth and metabolism Parathyroid: calcium regulation Thymus: immune system (children) Pancreas: blood sugar control Adrenal: stress, many other functions – located “on top of kidneys” 1) Releases 3 major classes of hormones (a) Androgens: (e.g., testosterone in males) (b) Glucocorticoids, Cortisol: involved in stress response!! (c) E (adrenaline), NE: aka – epinephrine, norepinephrine Gonads: (ovaries or testes) for reproduction STRESS Basic Info: 1) Def: The physiological reaction of the body to perceived aversive or threatening situations. 2) Often called: “fight or flight” 3) Mediated by SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (a) controlled by adrenal hormones under the control of the hypothalamus/pituitary 4) Somatic Response to Stress: (a) Pupils dialate (b) Attention and alertness are enhanced (c) Energy stores are mobilized for quick availability (d) Heart-rate and blood pressure increase (e) Non-essential functions are suppressed (e.g., appetite, digestion, libido)