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... by the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4, 3,5,3’5’-tetraiodothyronine) and, to a much lesser extent, T3 (3,5,3’-triiodothyronine). Clearly, thyroid hormone biosynthesis depends on iodine availability; in fact, thyroid hormones are one of the few biological compounds in which iodine is incorporated. Fo ...
... by the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4, 3,5,3’5’-tetraiodothyronine) and, to a much lesser extent, T3 (3,5,3’-triiodothyronine). Clearly, thyroid hormone biosynthesis depends on iodine availability; in fact, thyroid hormones are one of the few biological compounds in which iodine is incorporated. Fo ...
LHRH Agonists Antagonists
... also allows the treatment of central precocious puberty, which is manifested by the premature development of sexual characteristics. Most children with this disorder grow fast at first, but also finish growing before reaching their full potential height. Normal puberty is resumed after discontinuati ...
... also allows the treatment of central precocious puberty, which is manifested by the premature development of sexual characteristics. Most children with this disorder grow fast at first, but also finish growing before reaching their full potential height. Normal puberty is resumed after discontinuati ...
Thyroid hormones and their effects: a new
... The thyroid hormones are very hydrophobic and those that exhibit biological activity are 3h,5h,3,5-tetraiodothyronine (T4), 3h,5,3--triiodothyronine (T3), 3h,5h,3--triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,5,-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2). At physiological pH, dissociation of the phenolic kOH group of these iodot ...
... The thyroid hormones are very hydrophobic and those that exhibit biological activity are 3h,5h,3,5-tetraiodothyronine (T4), 3h,5,3--triiodothyronine (T3), 3h,5h,3--triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,5,-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2). At physiological pH, dissociation of the phenolic kOH group of these iodot ...
Thyroid status in exercising horses and laminitic ponies
... THYROID STATUS IN EXERCISING HORSES AND LAMINITIC PONIES Rebecca A. Carter (ABSTRACT) The objective of these studies was to contribute to the understanding and assessment of thyroid function in horses. The first study evaluated methods of assessing thyroid function in horses, including validation o ...
... THYROID STATUS IN EXERCISING HORSES AND LAMINITIC PONIES Rebecca A. Carter (ABSTRACT) The objective of these studies was to contribute to the understanding and assessment of thyroid function in horses. The first study evaluated methods of assessing thyroid function in horses, including validation o ...
Interpreting Thyroid Toxicity for Risk Assessment
... much more difficult to relate to pregnancy outcome. The concept and definition of maternal hypothyroxinemia was developed in a series of papers by Man et al. (86-90). Early definition of maternal hypothyroxinemia was defined empirically - those pregnant women with the lowest butenol-extractable iodi ...
... much more difficult to relate to pregnancy outcome. The concept and definition of maternal hypothyroxinemia was developed in a series of papers by Man et al. (86-90). Early definition of maternal hypothyroxinemia was defined empirically - those pregnant women with the lowest butenol-extractable iodi ...
The interaction between growth hormone and the thyroid axis in
... I declare that this thesis, which I submit to RCSI for examination in consideration of the award of a higher degree, Doctor of Medicine (MD), is my own personal effort. Where any of the content presented is the result of input or data from a related collaborative research programme this is duly ackn ...
... I declare that this thesis, which I submit to RCSI for examination in consideration of the award of a higher degree, Doctor of Medicine (MD), is my own personal effort. Where any of the content presented is the result of input or data from a related collaborative research programme this is duly ackn ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... . Currently, these thyroid tests are performed on serum specimens using either manual or automated methods employing specific antibody reagents directed at these ligands (6,20). However, sensitivity, specificity andstandardization issues still result in substantial between-method variability for man ...
... . Currently, these thyroid tests are performed on serum specimens using either manual or automated methods employing specific antibody reagents directed at these ligands (6,20). However, sensitivity, specificity andstandardization issues still result in substantial between-method variability for man ...
MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF THYROID HORMONES AND
... The objective of this work is to first generate the dynamics of the hormones involved in thyroid hormone system in healthy body, and then to adapt the model to portray the dynamics of certain common thyroid disorders. The ultimate aim is to provide a platform for scenario analysis to support medical ...
... The objective of this work is to first generate the dynamics of the hormones involved in thyroid hormone system in healthy body, and then to adapt the model to portray the dynamics of certain common thyroid disorders. The ultimate aim is to provide a platform for scenario analysis to support medical ...
The thyroid gland - Blackwell Publishing
... On occasion, embryology does not take place normally with several clinical consequences (Box 8.1). Thyroglossal cysts are located in the midline and can be distinguished clinically by upward movement on tongue protrusion. Congenital absence of the thyroid due to mutation in genes, such as PAX8, requ ...
... On occasion, embryology does not take place normally with several clinical consequences (Box 8.1). Thyroglossal cysts are located in the midline and can be distinguished clinically by upward movement on tongue protrusion. Congenital absence of the thyroid due to mutation in genes, such as PAX8, requ ...
Comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine
... aforementioned buffer and exposed to 10·mIU·ml–1 bovine TSH (bTSH; Sigma) or saline vehicle. Tissues were incubated for 24·h at 23°C, after which the incubation medium was sampled. Total T4 (thyroxine, or 3,5,35-tetraiodothyronine) in the medium was determined using a commercially available enzyme ...
... aforementioned buffer and exposed to 10·mIU·ml–1 bovine TSH (bTSH; Sigma) or saline vehicle. Tissues were incubated for 24·h at 23°C, after which the incubation medium was sampled. Total T4 (thyroxine, or 3,5,35-tetraiodothyronine) in the medium was determined using a commercially available enzyme ...
Comprehensive Iodine-Thyroid Profile in Dried Blood Spot and
... for future thyroid hormone synthesis. This wasting effect results in low iodinated-thyroglobulin reserves, which is more likely to compromise thyroid hormone synthesis when iodine levels are low. When the thyroid gland is destroyed by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s), there is also excessive rel ...
... for future thyroid hormone synthesis. This wasting effect results in low iodinated-thyroglobulin reserves, which is more likely to compromise thyroid hormone synthesis when iodine levels are low. When the thyroid gland is destroyed by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s), there is also excessive rel ...
Chapter 7 The Thyroid Gland Introduction - Rose
... androgens reduce the amount of TBG, while estrogens increase TBG levels, especially during pregnancy. These observations are of some clinical relevance for individuals being treated with thyroid hormone, since the levels of exogenous thyroid hormone required will be affected by the presence of other ...
... androgens reduce the amount of TBG, while estrogens increase TBG levels, especially during pregnancy. These observations are of some clinical relevance for individuals being treated with thyroid hormone, since the levels of exogenous thyroid hormone required will be affected by the presence of other ...
evaluation of patient with thyroid disorders
... immune system against the thyroid gland. The disease begins slowly. It may take months or even years for the condition to be detected. Chronic thyroiditis is most common in women and in people with a family history of thyroid disease. It affects between 0.1% and 5% of all adults in Western countries ...
... immune system against the thyroid gland. The disease begins slowly. It may take months or even years for the condition to be detected. Chronic thyroiditis is most common in women and in people with a family history of thyroid disease. It affects between 0.1% and 5% of all adults in Western countries ...
Extra-Thyroidal Factors Impacting Thyroid
... conjugation and lipid peroxidation. Factors influencing any or all of the peripherally active pathways continue to be explored and may help explain why many patients continue to experience symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism, including low body temperature, even when their thyroid blood tests ar ...
... conjugation and lipid peroxidation. Factors influencing any or all of the peripherally active pathways continue to be explored and may help explain why many patients continue to experience symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism, including low body temperature, even when their thyroid blood tests ar ...
28 Endocrinology of Complex Life Cycles: Amphibians
... 1977). Many terms have been used describe sexual reproduction while retaining larval characteristics. We choose to use the term “paedomorphosis” for our discussion because it describes retention of larval traits in a sexually mature form, but does not describe the ...
... 1977). Many terms have been used describe sexual reproduction while retaining larval characteristics. We choose to use the term “paedomorphosis” for our discussion because it describes retention of larval traits in a sexually mature form, but does not describe the ...
crustacean hyperglycemic hormone: structural variants
... hypoxia, organic and inorganic pollutants, bacterial infection, etc.) has been demonstrated [6, 15, 23, 47, 55, 72, 80]. It has been recognized that CHH is a pleiotropic hormone. It was noted that CHH, in addition to MIH, also suppresses ecdysteroidogenesis by the Y-organs though at a higher dose th ...
... hypoxia, organic and inorganic pollutants, bacterial infection, etc.) has been demonstrated [6, 15, 23, 47, 55, 72, 80]. It has been recognized that CHH is a pleiotropic hormone. It was noted that CHH, in addition to MIH, also suppresses ecdysteroidogenesis by the Y-organs though at a higher dose th ...
Induction of the Secretion of LH and GH by Orexin A and Ghrelin is
... significantly between groups. The weakening of leptin activity due to treatment with its antagonist (SOLA) strengthened the individual effects of orexin A and ghrelin on LH secretion in this study. Intracerebroventricular infusions of orexin A alone did not significantly affect the blood plasma LH c ...
... significantly between groups. The weakening of leptin activity due to treatment with its antagonist (SOLA) strengthened the individual effects of orexin A and ghrelin on LH secretion in this study. Intracerebroventricular infusions of orexin A alone did not significantly affect the blood plasma LH c ...
Servomechanism of Prolactin and Progesterone in Regulating
... phorylation and inactivated by a dephosphorylation mechanism (25-27). While it remains to be determined whether the increase in progesterone receptor results from a receptor phosphorylation, or from the direct action of PRL on the progesterone receptor gene, which can be tested, it is noteworthy tha ...
... phorylation and inactivated by a dephosphorylation mechanism (25-27). While it remains to be determined whether the increase in progesterone receptor results from a receptor phosphorylation, or from the direct action of PRL on the progesterone receptor gene, which can be tested, it is noteworthy tha ...
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is
... within the pituitary or hypothalamus. The thyroid gland is intrinsically normal but it does not receive stimulation from the pituitary or brain to synthesise thyroid hormones. Secondary hypothyroidism can be acquired when pituitary gland does not produce and release adequate amount of TSH that is ne ...
... within the pituitary or hypothalamus. The thyroid gland is intrinsically normal but it does not receive stimulation from the pituitary or brain to synthesise thyroid hormones. Secondary hypothyroidism can be acquired when pituitary gland does not produce and release adequate amount of TSH that is ne ...
The Thyroid and Its Control
... tomized animals either left untreated or given TSH in constant doses. In this situation iodine levels can be made to vary over wide ranges. In vitro experiments using dispersed thyroid. cells have also proved valuable. These and other methods have determined that while TSH certainly influences every ...
... tomized animals either left untreated or given TSH in constant doses. In this situation iodine levels can be made to vary over wide ranges. In vitro experiments using dispersed thyroid. cells have also proved valuable. These and other methods have determined that while TSH certainly influences every ...
The Evolution of Thyroidal Function in Fishes
... has probably discouraged people from work- This colloid forms a reserve of potential ing in this field with the result that there hormone. The thyroid gland is the only verhas been very little published since the sub- tebrate endocrine organ with such an extraject was last reviewed and no recent wor ...
... has probably discouraged people from work- This colloid forms a reserve of potential ing in this field with the result that there hormone. The thyroid gland is the only verhas been very little published since the sub- tebrate endocrine organ with such an extraject was last reviewed and no recent wor ...
Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Disruptors of Thyroid Hormone Action
... desethylamioderone (Bakker et al., 1994; Beeren et al., 1995). Therefore, it is possible that other exogenous compounds, specifically environmental chemicals, may bind differentially to these two TRs. Studies focused on the molecular events transducing thyroid hormone action on gene expression have ...
... desethylamioderone (Bakker et al., 1994; Beeren et al., 1995). Therefore, it is possible that other exogenous compounds, specifically environmental chemicals, may bind differentially to these two TRs. Studies focused on the molecular events transducing thyroid hormone action on gene expression have ...
An Integrative Endocrine Model for the Evolution of
... However, TRH appears to only activate the release of TSH in adult metamorphosed amphibians (Darras and Kühn, 1983; Denver, 1988; Jacobs et al., 1988). In contrast, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; discussed with corticosteroids below) appears to regulate the release of TSH in larva ...
... However, TRH appears to only activate the release of TSH in adult metamorphosed amphibians (Darras and Kühn, 1983; Denver, 1988; Jacobs et al., 1988). In contrast, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; discussed with corticosteroids below) appears to regulate the release of TSH in larva ...
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association
... in the body, it is absolutely safe to take while pregnant. Indeed, it is very important for pregnant women, or women who are planning to become pregnant, to have normal thyroid function to provide the optimum environment for her baby. Women who are taking thyroid hormone often need an increased dose ...
... in the body, it is absolutely safe to take while pregnant. Indeed, it is very important for pregnant women, or women who are planning to become pregnant, to have normal thyroid function to provide the optimum environment for her baby. Women who are taking thyroid hormone often need an increased dose ...
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association
... in the body, it is absolutely safe to take while pregnant. Indeed, it is very important for pregnant women, or women who are planning to become pregnant, to have normal thyroid function to provide the optimum environment for her baby. Women who are taking thyroid hormone often need an increased dose ...
... in the body, it is absolutely safe to take while pregnant. Indeed, it is very important for pregnant women, or women who are planning to become pregnant, to have normal thyroid function to provide the optimum environment for her baby. Women who are taking thyroid hormone often need an increased dose ...