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LEPTIN AND OTHER ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
LEPTIN AND OTHER ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

... LH release from rat hemi-anterior pituitaries at doses of 10"^ to 1 0 " " M , and prolactin secretion at much higher concentrations (10"^-10'^M). Low concentrations of leptin stimulate GH release from human fetal pituitary cell cultures but not ACTH, prolactin or gonadotropin secretion^^. The abilit ...
Thyroid status in exercising horses and laminitic ponies
Thyroid status in exercising horses and laminitic ponies

... The objective of these studies was to contribute to the understanding and assessment of thyroid function in horses. The first study evaluated methods of assessing thyroid function in horses, including validation of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measuring equine thyroid hormones and development and ...
Pediatric Endocrinology - The American Board of Pediatrics
Pediatric Endocrinology - The American Board of Pediatrics

... 14. Know the role for measurement of fructosamine in the management of diabetes mellitus 15. Know what conditions require temporary adjustments in basal and bolus insulin doses 16. Understand the effects of puberty on blood glucose concentrations and insulin requirements in patients who have type 1 ...
Melatonin treatment of aging women: doses, side effects, how to manage them
Melatonin treatment of aging women: doses, side effects, how to manage them

... profile of melatonin and seasonal affective disorder before and after treatment with fluoxetine. METHOD. A six-week casecontrolled study with repeated overnight blood sampling was conducted. (20 Ten mg patients fulfilling the criteria for major Fluoxetine daily) significantly reduced depressive diso ...
The Effect of Ingested Macronutrients on Postprandial Ghrelin
The Effect of Ingested Macronutrients on Postprandial Ghrelin

... et al. observed a substantial postprandial decrease of plasma ghrelin in an insulin-deficient patient with type 1 diabetes following a carbohydrate challenge, while a subsequent bolus of subcutaneous short-acting insulin induced no further changes in circulating ghrelin [35]. Taking everything into ...
Boundless Study Slides
Boundless Study Slides

... • thyroid One of the largest endocrine glands, it is responsible for the secretion of thyroxine which controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and is sensitive to other hormones. • thyroid-stimulating hormone A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), an ...
9.1 Chapter 18 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
9.1 Chapter 18 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

... causing leakage of T3 and T4.  Hyperthyroidism then is followed by transient hypothyroidism, which is corrected by cellular repair and a return to normal levels in the thyroid. Elsevier items and derived items © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Oral Contraception and EHC
Oral Contraception and EHC

... possible after unprotected intercourse. ...
jerawat, panduan lengkap
jerawat, panduan lengkap

... before disappearing altogether from our lives, remaining just an interesting part of the memories of our adolescent years. However, there is another skin condition which is similar in some ways to that disorder, but more severe in its appearance. It occurs on various parts of the body besides the fa ...
Hypophysis and Hypothalamus
Hypophysis and Hypothalamus

... insipidus; cranial hypertension and visual disturbances may also reveal the disease. Pathologies include developmental disorders, in relation, in most cases with trouble of embryological brain diverticulation, aplasia or hypoplasia of pituitary gland, pituitary stalk interruption. Intra- and suprase ...
Interrelationships of the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands
Interrelationships of the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands

... tadpoles, he notes that they are one-third normal size and show few vesicles and little colloid. N~ny ...
Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones

... Free thyroid hormones (free T3 & free T4) concentrations in plasma are independent of changes in the concentration of thyroid binding proteins as TBG, prealbumin & albumin. So, they provide more reliable means of diagnosing thyroid dysfunction than measurement of total thyroid hormone concentrations ...
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the

... It has been hypothesized that swelling of the pituitary gland triggers pituitary apoplexy after combined stimulation test with hypothalamic releasing hormones. Surprisingly, hypothalamic-releasing hormones did not lead to a statistically significant increase of pituitary size in the eight young heal ...
Extra-Thyroidal Factors Impacting Thyroid
Extra-Thyroidal Factors Impacting Thyroid

... convert T4 to T3. Peripheral control is exerted through a number of pathways. These pathways include deiodination, facilitated by deiodinase enzymes, as well as conjugation and lipid peroxidation. Factors influencing any or all of the peripherally active pathways continue to be explored and may help ...
Controversies In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Hypothyroidism
Controversies In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Hypothyroidism

... intracellular T3 in all tissues except for the pituitary, the serum T4 level can be increased, decreased or unchanged. Consequently, serum T4 levels frequently do not correlate with tissue T3 levels and, as with the TSH, the serum T4 level is often misleading and an unreliable marker of the body’s o ...
Comprehensive Iodine-Thyroid Profile in Dried Blood Spot and
Comprehensive Iodine-Thyroid Profile in Dried Blood Spot and

... are very low, compensatory mechanisms come into play to assure that adequate levels of T4 and T3 are available, resulting in less fluctuation in these hormone levels with iodine deficiency. The colloidal lumen of the follicular thyroid cells normally contains a large reservoir of iodinated thyroglob ...
Goiter - American Thyroid Association
Goiter - American Thyroid Association

... enlarge producing a goiter. However, TSI also stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Grave ...
MRI features of growth hormone deficiency in children with short
MRI features of growth hormone deficiency in children with short

... caused by problems linked to pituitary gland in which body does not produce enough GH. Partial or complete deficiency of anterior pituitary is usually caused by receptor defects and structural abnormality. According to a study published by World Health Organization in 2000, dwarfism prevalence rate ...
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association

... system for a long time, it can be taken just once a day, and this results in very stable levels of thyroid hormone in the blood stream. When thyroid hormone is used to treat hypothyroidism, the goal of treatment is to keep thyroid function within the same range as people without thyroid problems. Ke ...
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association
Thyroid Hormone Treatment - American Thyroid Association

... system for a long time, it can be taken just once a day, and this results in very stable levels of thyroid hormone in the blood stream. When thyroid hormone is used to treat hypothyroidism, the goal of treatment is to keep thyroid function within the same range as people without thyroid problems. Ke ...
2,4,6-Tribromophenol Interferes with the Thyroid Hormone System
2,4,6-Tribromophenol Interferes with the Thyroid Hormone System

... are widely used in electrical equipment, polyurethane foams and antifungal agents. Although some harmful BFRs have been banned in a few countries, similar substitutions are being continuously produced, and their potential effects are not currently known. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) is a BFR that has ...
Endocrine and Nervous System
Endocrine and Nervous System

... • Other disorders of the Central Nervous System (340-349) ...
Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH
Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH

... No cases of adrenal insufficiency observed when patients on 5 to 15mg prednisone daily longterm underwent elective surgery. However 1 hr post-incision cortisol levels were lower. (Kehlet, 1973) 20mg of hydrocortisone has less suppressive effect than 5mg prednisone, so this study implies that person ...
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, 3rd Generation
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, 3rd Generation

... Reference Ranges sometimes indistinguishable from symptoms of Free T4: 0.89 - 1.76 ng/dL ...
Exercise as a stressor to the human neuroendocrine system
Exercise as a stressor to the human neuroendocrine system

... a greater response to exercise in the morning than afternoon, and the responses of some hormones are opposite; however, this chronobiology issue has not been studied fully, and additional work is necessary before a complete summarization of hormone, exercise response, and time-of-day effects can be ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 183 >

Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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