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Chemistry 256 Sample mid-quarter exam 1 (winter 2015) 1. Which one of the following processes is not stimulated by insulin? a. Glucose uptake in muscle b. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in muscle c. Glycolysis in the liver d. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in liver e. All of the processes listed are stimulated by insulin 2. a Which enzyme would you use to remove a phosphate group from the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase a to form glycogen phosphorylase b Phosphorylase kinase Protein kinase Phosphoprotein phosphatase Glucose Phosphorylase b. Would this event activate or deactivate or have no effect on the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase? c. The above event is considered a (circle all that apply): Covalent modification of an enzyme Allosteric modification of an enzyme Genetic modification of the enzyme Example of an enzymatic cascade 3. Cyclic AMP is considered a: Hormone Steroid Second messenger A receptor Enzyme 4. Chylomicrons contain which molecules: Acety-CoA Cholesterol esters Glycogen Isoprene pyrophosphate Triacylglyderides 5. Circle which below would give a membrane a higher melting point a. b. c. d. Incorporation of more cholesterol Longer Chain lengths of the fatty acid components Less unsaturation of the fatty acid components Cross linking of fatty acid components 6. For integral proteins associated with cell membranes what type of amino acid residues would be found exclusively within the membrane. 7. While fatty acids are most often formed by the condensation of __-carbon units, isoprenoids are assembled from __-carbon units. a. 5, 3 b. 4, 2 c. 2, 3 d. 2, 5 e. 3, 4 8. Which enzyme catalyzes the key regulatory step of cholesterol synthesis? a. b-ketothiolase b. HMG-CoA synthase c. HMG-CoA reductase d. mevalonate kinase e. squalene monooxygenase 9. In Gluconeogenesis the steps that are simply the reverse of Glycolysis a) b) c) d) e) Have a G that is near 0. Have a G that is a large + value Have a G that is a large – value Are considered the rate control steps All step are the reverse of glycolysis 10. If the liver is analyzed, and the ratio of phosphorylase a (active form) to phosphorylase b is found what processes would probably be occurring? Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Glycogen breakdown Glycogen build up (synthesis) 11. Which synthetic pathway(s) does the class of drugs called ‘statins’ effect Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis, Glycogen breakdown Glycogen build up Cholesterol synthesis Fatty acid synthesis. 12. Which pathways does Acetyl CoA participate in (as a reagent or product)? Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Glycogen breakdown Glycogen build up Cholesterol synthesis Beta oxidation of fats Citric acid cycle Fatty Acid synthesis 13. Draw the general structure/example of each class of molecules listed below Triacyl glyceride Phosphoglycerides Carbohydrate Bile Salts Steroid Terpenes Spingolipids 14. Which molecules drawn above would you attribute the property of amphipathic. 15. Which processes below consume more energy than they produce? (consume ATP, NADPH etc ) Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cholesterol synthesis Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid biosynthesis 16. What make the isopentyl pyrophosphate molecule so reactive? 17. Describe the role and purpose of Prostaglandins 18. Which molecule has a higher energy density by weight—Glycogen or Triacylglyerides. 19. In the synthesis of glycogen, pyrophosphate (PPi) is hydrolyzed by water to form 2 phosphate groups. What is the purpose of this step? Is what other synthesis does this occur? 20 B What enzyme was used for this step a. b. c. d. e. Phophofructokinase Fructose bisphosphatase AcetylCoA-Carboxylase Glucoreductase Protein mutase 21. A For the reaction below, what process is this from: a. b. c. d. e. f. Glycolysis Cholesterol synthesis Fatty acid biosynthesis B-oxidation Gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway O SCoA H2O OH O SCoA 22B What enzyme was used for this step? a. b. c. d. e. Phophofructokinase Lipolphosphatase AcetylCoA-Carboxylase Hydroxyl acetyl dehydrogenase Enoyl-coA hydratase 23 For the reaction below, draw in the arrow pushing mechanism of the next step where 2,3 oxidosqualene is converted to the basic cholesterol structure mechanism Using the chart below answer 29-32 24. Which direction is glycolysis (going down or up) 25. Which direction creates energy (rather than consumes)? 26. Which step is the allosteric inhibitor F2,6P important. 27, Which enzyme does F2,6P inhibit? 28, Increased Glucagon secretion will promote which direction of this process (up/down) 29. A For the reaction below, what process is this from: -2 O3PO OPO32- -2 O3PO O HO O H H HO OH 30. Show the product of the reaction below: O (CH2)8CH3 O OH OPO32- OH H Glycolysis Glycogen synthesis Fatty acid biosynthiss B-oxidation Gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway O + R H H OH H a. b. c. d. e. f. OH acyltransferase SCoA OH