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Transcript
This week: Protection from Pathogens Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens esophagus stomach Pathogen: a disease causing agent E. coli Phage virus Ebola Fungus from soil various pathogens The Immune System • Non-specific: –barriers • Specific: –B-cells -> antibodies –T-cells Fig 43.2 Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: SkinDry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2 Skin protects us from most pathogens Fig 43.2 Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles Stomach acid kills pathogens esophagus stomach Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: SkinDry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2 The Immune System • Non-specific: –barriers • Specific: –B-cells -> antibodies –T-cells Fig 43.2 The Specific Immune System B-cells and T-cells move through the circulatory system scanning for pathogens B-cells develop in bone marrow T-cells in the thymus B-cells make and secrete antibodies Fig 43.14 Variable region An Antibody Constant region Fig 43.10 Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens Fig 43.10 B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens marking them for destruction Fig 43.19 Marked for destruction by WBC Each B-cell/antibody recognizes a specific antigen Fig 43.14 B-cell DNA rearranges to make a unique and random gene Fig 43.13 Each B-cell/antibody recognizes a specific antigen Fig 43.14 B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens marking them for destruction Fig 43.19 Marked for destruction by WBC Antibody binding to antigens can lead to... Neutralization Fig 43.21 Engulf and Destroy What about damaged or abnormal cells? •Viral infections •Cancer cells •Non-functional cells T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells Fig 43.18 Helper T-cells activate B-cells and Killer T-cells CB 43.17 Killer T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells Fig 43.18 Helper T-cells activate B-cells which produce antibodies CB 43.19 It can take 7-14 days to produce sufficient antibodies to eliminate a pathogen Fig 43.15 Memory B-cells make the response to a second exposure more rapid Fig 43.14 This is how vaccines work. Vaccines work via memory B-cells that make the response to a second exposure more rapid Fig 43.15 Next: Vaccines, when politics and science collide...
