Download Cells - VA Biology SOL

Objectives:
Differentiate between animal and plant
cells
Catalyst: Make a Venn Diagram and list
5 items for prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Repeat for plant and animal cells.
Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
• Prokaryote:
Both:
Eukaryote:
-are living
• -has no
organelles (no -have DNA
nucleus)
-are cells
-has organelles (has a
nucleus)
V. Plant vs. Animal Cells
• Plant Cells
Both Plant & Animal
Cells
• -have chloroplasts -both have:
Plasma membranes
and cell walls
Mitochondria
• -can make their
Cytoplasm
own food through
Nucleus’
photosynthesis
Nucleolus’
• -have large
Golgi
vacuoles to store E.R.
water
DNA
-both are living
Animal Cells
-have centrioles used in cell
division
-can’t make their own food
Overhead Hints for…
•Largest land animals alive today
•Gestation period is 22 months
•May live as long as 70 years or
longer!
mystery organism…
• Unlike most mammals, which grow
baby teeth and then replace them with a
permanent set of adult teeth, this animal
has cycles of tooth rotation throughout
their entire life
• Guess now
mystery organism…
Elephant
mystery organism…
Elephant
Scientific Method

If you got a question needs an answer you see,
Gotta gather information in the library.
Oh, why must I do it this way?
Hey, must be the method!

Hypothesize what the answer could be,
then perform an experiment 1,2,3.
Oh, why must I do it this way?
Hey, must be the method!

Record the data in the data sheet.
Draw up some conclusions and then repeat.
Oh, why must I do it this way?
Hey, must be the method!
Need a Volunteer

Say the color of each word on the slide as
fast as you can…

Example – “Napkin” - White
RED
BLUE
YELLOW
YELLOW
GREEN
RED
BLUE
Let’s try it again Hot-stuff 

Say the color of each word on the slide as
fast as you can…

Example – “Napkin” - White
RED
BLUE
YELLOW
YELLOW
GREEN
RED
BLUE
Trying to understand addition with examples:
3+5=8
7 + 127 = 134
63 + 2956 = 3019
etc….
A possible examination question to determine if
students have mastered addition:
154 + 382 = ?
Don’t just memorize
the examples.
Understand the process!
Put everything in context.
One More fun game

See how many of the words you can
memorize…
brain
nerve
thumb
elbow
wrist
brain
nerve
thumb
elbow
wrist
Try one more time…

See how many of the words you can
memorize…
ldrmq
hnbfg
xwgcb
zjrxp
Hello
Four proven keys to success in Med 101
1. Understand the material
Don’t study for the grade
2. Understand the context
Don’t study isolated facts
3. Come to every class
Don’t try to memorize the text book
4. Review each class day
Don’t fall behind
Medication Errors
Medical Mistakes
U.S. Pharmacopeia study
Harvard University study
December 2002
“Those who do not stop asking silly
questions become scientists.”
physicist Leon Lederman
TODAY’S INTERESTING SCIENCE
• Every hour one
billion cells in
the body must
be replaced
Are these things alive?
Plant
air
animals
wind
bacteria
viruses
protists
rocks
fungi
soil
fire
water
Are these things alive?
Plant Living
air
wind
animals Living
bacteria Living
viruses
protists Living
rocks
fungi Living
soil
fire
water
Ex. of Life and Nonlife:
Living Things: plants, animals, protists,
fungi, bacteria
This is a picture of
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis a bacteria
which causes the disease
tuberculosis. What
happens when you get
this disease?
Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, soil,
air, water, sunlight
Characteristics of Life
Living things are organized at different
levels.
Organization of living things:
-Cell(Smallest)TissueOrganOrgan
SystemOrganism(Biggest)
-A cell is the smallest living thing.
Cell Theory



All living things composed of one or more
cells
Cells are basic units of structure and function
in an organism
Cells come only from the reproduction of
existing cells
Microscopes
Original Microscope
from 1600’s
Compound light
microscope used
today.
III. Types of Cells
-There are two types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or any
other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: Bacteria
Two Types of Cells:
2. Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. Ex: Plant and
animal cells.
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote


Prokaryote:
-has no
organelles
(no nucleus)
Both:
-are living
-have DNA
-are cells
Eukaryote:
-has organelles
(has a nucleus)
Differences between
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
No Nucleus
No Membrane-bound
organelles
Very Small
Older
Only Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Many organelles
Larger than
Prokaryotes
Younger
All Other Cells
NOTE! Plant cells are
eukaryotic
Differences between
Plant and Animal Cells
PLANT CELLS

Square or “boxy”
Have a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Large vacuoles

Usually green



(because of the chlorophyll)
ANIMAL CELLS
•
•
•
•
Round
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Small vacuoles
IV. Parts of the Cell
-Just like our bodies, cells must have
different structures which help them live.
-They need their own version of skin, a
stomach, blood and a brain to survive.
IV. Parts of the Cell
-Organelles are small membrane-bound
structures found inside the cell which have
special jobs to help the cell survive.
Which part of this cell is the nucleus?
Which part of this cell is the nucleus?
Nucleus
Which part of this cell is the
nucleolus?
Which part of this cell is the
nucleolus?
Nucleolus
What organelle is this?
mitochondria
What organelle is this?
golgi
V. Plant vs. Animal Cells

Plant and animal cells do not have exactly
the same organelles. Some organelles are
found only in plant cells or only in animal
cells.
VI. Plant Organelles
Vacuole-stores food and water.
Cell Wall-hard structure that
protects and gives plant cells
shape.
Chloroplast-turn light energy
into sugar.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• HUMAN EGG
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• STEM CELLS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• Red Blood Cells
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• FIBROBLAST
– Deals with healing
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• HEPATOCYTE
– Deals with liver and getting
rid of toxins
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• NEURON
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC
CELLS!!!!
• KILLER T CELLS!!!
Structure
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Prokaryotes
Structure
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Plant Cells
Structure
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Animal Cells
Structure
Cell Wall
Prokaryotes
YES
Cell Membrane YES
Plant Cells
YES
Animal Cells
NO
YES
YES
Organelles
NO
YES
YES
Nucleus
NO
YES
YES
Centrioles
NO
NO
YES
Example
BACTERIA
CACTUS
HUMAN
Nucleus
Function: Control center of the cell
 Found: All Eukaryotic Cells (both plant and
animal cells have nuclei)
 Analogy: Mr. Land

Ribosome
 Function:
makes proteins
 Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells
 Analogy: Guidance Office, Teachers
Cilia and Flagella
 Function:
assist in movement of cell
 Found: Animal Cells / Prokaryotic
 Analogy:
Your feet
Golgi Apparatus
 Function:
package and ship out
Proteins
 Found: All Eukaryotic Cells
 Analogy:
Office Secretaries
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Function:
Pathway to ship
proteins
 Found: All Eukaryotic Cells
 Analogy:
Hallway
Misc: Rough ER – has Ribosomes on it
Smooth ER – has no ribosomes on it
Vacuole
 Function:
store enzymes & metabolic
wastes
 Found: PLANTS ONLY!!!
 Analogy:
Lockers
Chloroplast
 Function:
Photosynthesis
 Found: PLANTS ONLY!!!
 Analogy:
hallway
green chlorophyll plants in
Cytoskeleton
 Function:
gives cell structure to
maintain shape and size
 Found: All Eukaryotic Cells
 Analogy:
Your school schedule
Mitochondria
 Function:
convert chemical
energy stored in food into
compounds which cell can use
for energy – MAKE ATP
 Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells
 Analogy: Cafeteria
Multi-Cellular Organization

Groups of cells – Tissues, organs, and organ
system

Tissues – a group of similar cells that work together


Organs – a group of many tissues that work
together


Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
Liver, heart, stomach
Organ system – a group of many organs that work
together

Cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory
Multi-cellular organization
Tissue
Lung
Respiratory System
Cells, Cells, Cells: REVIEW
• Due in 15 mins: TEST
BONUS (5 points)
I’VE GOT AN
EXAMPLE
–Write an autobiography for an
organelle in the cell. Explain
why you are the coolest. Can
be in the form of a rap song.
Must tell me what the
organelle does and an analogy
of it to the school.
Best in Class… gets 10 points
The Process of Making a Protein

The Process of Making a Protein

First an RNA message must be sent from the nucleus





An RNA message travels through nuclear pores out into the
cytoplasm
The RNA message encounters either a free ribosome or a
ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
The ribosome “reads” the RNA message and begins to
synthesize a protein according to the RNA directions
When the protein is complete, the protein then enters the
endoplasmic reticulum and undergoes a process of chemical
changes
The protein then exits the ER and travels to the Golgi
Apparatus

Once again the protein undergoes a series of changes and is
packaged for transport through or outside of the cell
MAKING CELLS: 15 pts
• You and your partner (closest birthdays) choose
between the items in the tray at the front of the
room and construct a Eukaryotic Cell (may be
animal or plant)
1 min
• To Turn In:
– Key: which labels at least 5 organelles
– Definition of each organelle
– Analogy of each organelle to the school
Breaking down
glucose….
Occurs in
No
plants and Oxygen
animals
Present
2 ATP
Oxygen
Present
Class Jobs Glucose
POD NAMES - Homeostasis
•
•
•
•
4 Elements
Group DNA
H20
Ladies of Bio
POD NAMES - Photosynthesis
• Needs to form
• Do two labs with them
POD – CELL RESP
• Miraculous Molecules
– Chanetta, Michael, Sharnequia, Ree
• Biology 226
– Brittney, Shakia
• Oxygen
– Alissa, Priscilla, Lloyd, Derrick
• Champions
• Levi
– Marion, Selinda, Andrea, Jody
• Epiphany
POD Mitosis
Calvin 4
 Carbonators
 Nine West
 Genetic Go-getters

POD Codon
POD Glucose

Get from sheets