* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download MB 20 : Marine Biology
Survey
Document related concepts
Indian Ocean wikipedia , lookup
Physical oceanography wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on oceans wikipedia , lookup
Ocean acidification wikipedia , lookup
History of research ships wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Raised beach wikipedia , lookup
Marine life wikipedia , lookup
Marine debris wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre wikipedia , lookup
Marine habitats wikipedia , lookup
Marine pollution wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Marine Bio To Me… “A good warrior learns to respect the seasons and cycles of life,” he said. “They’re part of nature; they’re part of you.” Author: Beattie A synthetic view of our ocean planet © digitalife/ShutterStock, Inc. Our marine life is the stuff of movies! …and fables… Aug. 1, 2008: “The Montauk Monster” Why are you here? What is Marine Biology? Marine Biology • Study of organisms that live in the ocean • Subset of Biology • Many subdisciplines Marine Biology • Why is it important? Marine Biology • Why is it important? – – – – – – Food, medicine, raw materials, recreation Disease, attacks, damage Effect the global ecosystem Recreation, education $$$$$$ ($20 trillion/yr!) 71% of the earths surface is WATER! Marine Biology • It is a science, “a general science of biology, but applied to the sea.” – There is a reason why things happen – Discover these reasons by systematic methods History of Marine Biology • Ocean explored for food, as trade routes, wars, etc. • Aristotle (4th century BC) – first marine biologists History of Marine Biology • Many voyages of exploration • Captain James Cook (European, 1700’s) – First to include a fulltime naturalist History of Marine Biology • Charles Darwin – Naturalist on HMS Beagle (1831) – Atolls, plankton, barnacles History of Marine Biology • Edward Forbes – Dredges the Ocean floor (1840’s & 1850’s) – Azoic Theory – no life below 2000 ft. (pg. 359 text) History of Marine Biology • First Voyages ever to specifically study the ocean (19 yrs. to publish, 50 volumes) • Challenger Expedition (1872-1876): measuring systems used, species samples The Worlds Oceans The Challenger Expedition Route(s) The Ocean Ocean Facts: • Covers 71% of the earth’s surface • Accounts for 97% of the water on earth (rest in land ice, groundwater, lakes & rivers) • Average depth = 3,796 meters (12,451 feet) (deepest = Mariana trench 11,022 m or 36,163 ft) • Average temp = 3.9oC (only 39oF) 1? 5? Oceans • • • • • Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Antarctic, Southern Ocean History of Marine Biology • Marine Laboratories – Stazione Zooligica – Naples Italy (1872) – MBL & Woods Hole Oceanograohic Institution– Massachussets – Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA – Friday Harbor Marine Lab, Washington • Allowed long term observation of living organisms Research Vessel History of Marine Biology • SONAR – Developed during WWII • SCUBA – After WW II – invented by Emile Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau Marine Biology Today • Labs and Ships still important • Shift from early observations & descriptions to more detailed studies • Submarines - Alvin • ROVs • Satellites & computers Plankton tow net Figure 1.03 “Alvin,” Deep Sea Sub. Scripps R/V “Flip” “Flipped!” “Aquarius” FL Keyes underwater lab Figure 1.11 John Steinbeck, Ed Ricketts, see text