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Overheads – Abnormal Psychology Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. 1 What makes behavior abnormal? Actions, thoughts, & feelings = harmful to the person or to others. Experiencing symptoms like anxiety or depression Not able to function in a job Not able to relate to people – enduring relationships 2 Abnormal Behavior 18-20 percent of all persons in the U. S. exhibit symptoms = abnormal. Not the same as unusual behaviors. E.g. extreme intelligence & total honesty – unusual; but not abnormal. 3 Abnormal Behavior Other behaviors are common, e.g. extreme prejudice, but they are clearly abnormal b/c they are harmful. E.g. Hitler’s Germany Cigarette smoking 4 Other issues Abnormal if…. Symptoms are severe enough to be considered harmful Subjectivity – different depending on culture E.g. Zuni Indians – southwestern U.S. believed it was good to have hallucinations without drugs – meant Gods blessing you. 5 Problems Even Psychologist cannot agree. Continuity Hypothesis Discontinuity Hypothesis Problems with diagnostic labels 6 The concept of sanity Insanity – not a psychological term but a legal term. Three different legal meanings. Criminal defense Hearing on competency to stand trial Hearing on involuntary commitment to a mental institution 7 Sanity Not guilty by reason of insanity Issue: could they tell right from wrong of have ability to control their actions? Severely psychotic or severely mentally retarded persons = insane. Rarely a successful defense. 8 Sanity Competence to stand trial Can the person aid in his/her own defense? Involuntary Commitment Direct danger 9 Anxiety Disorders 10-15 million Americans More prevalent with women than men. Increased vigilance (scanning & monitoring) for events. Phobias Specific Phobia Social Phobia Agoraphobia 10 Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Symptoms not related to environmental trigger Free-floating anxiety Unending presence of symptoms 11 Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Sharp, intense attacks of anxiety Respiration increases Rapid heartbeat – feel going crazy / die 5% women; 2% men 2,375 college student sample = 12% Very alert to ANS functioning Theory: classical conditioning 12 Anxiety Disorders Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Haunted by terrible recollections Numbed to the ordinary emotions and pleasures of life Survivor guilt Anger & unrest Vietnam War – 500,000 veterans POW during WWII – still meet criteria in their 70s What puts us at risk? Burgess & Holstrom Dean Kilpatrick 13 Anxiety Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Obsessions Compulsions 70% have both 25% only obsessions Problems with the limbic system of the brain 14 Somatoform Disorders Soma = body Somatoform = take the form of physical problems Not faked 15 Neurosis versus Psychosis Neurosis Psychosis 16 Dissociative Disorders Changes in memory, perception, or identity. Often due to stress, but can occur in the absence of stress Detachment or separation from your body & watching yourself with a sense of detachment Dissociative Identity Disorder – multiple personality disorder 17 Mood Disorders Major Depression Dysthmic Disorder BiPolar Disorder The risk for suicide – suicidal talk / plan / assessment 18 Schizophrenia Severe distortion of reality Disturbance of thought & language Delusions Hallucinations Emotional disturbances – bland affect Withdrawal Positive versus negative symptoms 19 Personality Disorders Inflexible, maladapative, personality traits Cannot function well in society Antisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder 20 Types of Schizophrenia Catatonic Type Disorganized Type Paranoid Type Residual Type Undifferentiated Type 21 Childhood disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 22