Download How do bones, muscles, and nerves work together?

How do bones, muscles, and
nerves work together?
Chapter A1.3
Systems working together
• Bones and joints
• -your bones are living organs made up of
connective tissues. The tissues include outer
protective membrane, a layer of hard
material, and a soft center made up of bone
marrow.
• Bone marrow- is a connective tissue that
produces red blood cells and white blood
cells.
joints
• Bones meet at joints where they are attached
to each other and to muscles.
• Joints- there are different kinds of joints such
as hinge, ball and socket, and non-moveable.
• Hinge joints- move like a door hinge, back and
forth.
• Ball and socket joints- move in a circular
motion like a joystick.
Hand hinge joint
The Skeletal System
• Bones are organized into a skeleton which
protects your internal organs and supports your
body.
• Muscles are attached to your bones with tendons
on the sides of the bones.
• Tendons- are tough bands of connective tissue.
• Bones are attached to each other by ligaments.
• Ligaments- bands of connective tissue that hold
the skeleton together.
The Muscular System
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There are 3 kinds of muscles:
1. voluntary
2. smooth
3. cardiac
Voluntary muscles-move bones and hold your
skeleton upright.
• Where muscles attach to bones at a joint, they
work in pairs to move the joint one way then the
other.
• Smooth muscles- contract slowly and move
stuff around the organs they surround. They
are found in the walls of blood vessels and the
digestive organs.
• Cardiac muscles- make the walls of the heart.
Their job is to pump blood.
The Nervous System-Central and
Peripheral
• The nervous system consists of two parts- the
central nervous system and the peripheral
nervous system.
• Central nervous system- is made up of the
brain and spinal cord.
• Spinal cord- is a bundle of nerves that runs
from the brain to the hips.
The Nervous System- Central and
Peripheral
• The peripheral nervous system consists of the
sensory organs such as the eyes and ears and
body nerves.
• Nerves- are bundles of nerve cells or neurons.
• Neuron- a specialized cell that can receive signals
and transmit them to other neurons.
• Sensory organs contain neurons called receptors.
• Receptors- are nerve cells that detect conditions
in the body’s environment.
• The central nervous system receives signals
and determines what response is needed.
• The brain also controls the automatic
functions like respiration, circulation, and
digestion.
• Some muscle actions are automatic responses
to situations. These are called reflexes.
• Reflexes- non-conscious reactions that your
body automatically does to respond.
Questions
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1. What is produced in bone marrow?
A. red and white blood cells
2. What function or job do ligaments perform?
A. they connect bones at joints.
3. What kinds of muscles move food through
the digestive system?
• A. smooth muscles.
• 4. What kind of action is a sneeze caused by
pepper in the air?
• A. a reflex action, it happens automatically.
• 5. Tendons are connective tissue that• A. makes blood cells
• B.carries signals from receptors
• C. connects one bone to another
• D. connects a bone to a muscle.