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Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works? A) species change over time B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification" D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual’s life E) new species arise by natural selection Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works? A) species change over time B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification" D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual’s life E) new species arise by natural selection _____ and _____ generate variation, while ______ results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination _____ and _____ generate variation, while ______ results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? a. homologous b. analogous c. vestigial d. embryonic Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? a. homologous b. analogous c. vestigial d. embryonic As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of _____ a. Biogenesis b. Fossil record c. Homologous structures d. Vestigial Structures The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of _____ a. Biogenesis b. Fossil record c. Homologous structures d. Vestigial Structures The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are a. divergent structures b. vestigial structures c. homologous structures d. analogous structures The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are a. divergent structures b. vestigial structures c. homologous structures d. analogous structures A similarity in DNA sequence between two species a. does not indicate a relationship b. is a genetic coincidence c. is impossible d. suggests a close relationship A similarity in DNA sequence between two species a. does not indicate a relationship b. is a genetic coincidence c. is impossible d. suggests a close relationship If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely a. acquire them through evolution b. become extinct c. evolve into a lower form d. evolve into a higher form If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely a. acquire them through evolution b. become extinct c. evolve into a lower form d. evolve into a higher form An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is a. a mutation b. not possible in nature c. a genotype d. an adaptation An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is a. a mutation b. not possible in nature c. a genotype d. an adaptation In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to a. generate variation within the species b. prevent the occurrence of mutations c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to a. generate variation within the species b. prevent the occurrence of mutations c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6 In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of a. darker tree trunks b. darker moths c. lighter tree trunks d. lighter moths In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of a. darker tree trunks b. darker moths c. lighter tree trunks d. lighter moths In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of a. an environmental pressure b. a variation c. an adaptation d. co-evolution In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of a. an environmental pressure b. a variation c. an adaptation d. co-evolution More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have a) a common ancestor. b) identical fossils c) similar appearances d) the exact same DNA sequences. More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have a) a common ancestor. b) identical fossils c) similar appearances d) the exact same DNA sequences. Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below. Honey bee: GATTCAGTCA Bumble bee: GATTCAGTCG Carpenter bee: GTTTCATTCA Leafcutter bee: CATTGACTCA Mason bee: CTAAGGCTAA Digger bee: GTTTGGCCAA Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below. Honey bee: GATTCAGTCA Bumble bee: GATTCAGTCG Carpenter bee: GTTTCATTCA Leafcutter bee: CATTGACTCA Mason bee: CTAAGGCTAA Digger bee: GTTTGGCCAA Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure? Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure? Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off. Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off. Which of the following statements is/are true of BOTH bacteria and viruses? A. Can be killed with antibiotics B. Have a protein coat C. Contain DNA D. Single-celled organisms E. None of the above Which of the following statements is/are true of BOTH bacteria and viruses? A. Can be killed with antibiotics B. Have a protein coat C. Contain DNA D. Single-celled organisms E. None of the above Which of the following statements is true of viruses but is NOT true of bacteria? A. Has a cell wall B. Smallest in size C. Single-celled organisms D. Can be killed with antibiotics E. None of the above Which of the following statements is true of viruses but is NOT true of bacteria? A. Has a cell wall B. Smallest in size C. Single-celled organisms D. Can be killed with antibiotics E. None of the above Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is passed through ___________. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is passed through ___________. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. A nucleus D. Ribosomes Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. A nucleus D. Ribosomes Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes Most viruses are A. larger than bacteria B. strands of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat C. treatable with antibiotics D. single-celled organisms Most viruses are A. larger than bacteria B. strands of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat C. treatable with antibiotics D. single-celled organisms Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat infections. Which of the following statements is the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic? A. It is as effective now as when it first came out. B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to this antibiotic, given its widespread use. C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used, bacterial may become resistant to it. D. None of the above Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat infections. Which of the following statements is the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic? A. It is as effective now as when it first came out. B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to this antibiotic, given its widespread use. C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used, bacterial may become resistant to it. D. None of the above All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. cytoplasm. B. ribosomes. C. a nucleus. D. plasma/cell membrane. All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. cytoplasm. B. ribosomes. C. a nucleus. D. plasma/cell membrane. Animal cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. A nucleus and ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm. D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles. Animal cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. A nucleus and ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm. D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles. Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells A. Plant cells B. Animal cells. C. Fungi D. Bacteria Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells A. Plant cells B. Animal cells. C. Fungi D. Bacteria What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes and chromosomes? A)A gene contains many chromosomes which are composed of proteins B)A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of DNA C)A gene is composed of proteins which are found on the chromosomes D)A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of proteins What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes and chromosomes? A)A gene contains many chromosomes which are composed of proteins B)A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of DNA C)A gene is composed of proteins which are found on the chromosomes D)A chromosome contains many genes which are composed of proteins DNA and RNA are polymers of A. fatty acids B. nucleotides C. monoglycerides D. amino acids DNA and RNA are polymers of A. fatty acids B. nucleotides C. monoglycerides D. amino acids What are the parts of a nucleotide? a. a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base b. a group of linked amino acids c. one half of a DNA molecule d. a protein, a sugar, and a phosphate e. a phosphate, a six-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base What are the parts of a nucleotide? a. a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base b. a group of linked amino acids c. one half of a DNA molecule d. a protein, a sugar, and a phosphate e. a phosphate, a six-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base Which parts of a nucleotide make-up the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule? A) phosphate B) sugar C) nitrogen base D) A and B E) B and C Which parts of a nucleotide make-up the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule? A) phosphate B) sugar C) nitrogen base D) A and B E) B and C In double stranded DNA, the weak bonds between complementary nitrogen bases involve: a. RNA b. DNA c. hydrogen bonds d. five-carbon sugars e. sulfur In double stranded DNA, the weak bonds between complementary nitrogen bases involve: a. RNA b. DNA c. hydrogen bonds d. five-carbon sugars e. sulfur Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule? a. adenine b. cytosine c. uracil d. thymine e. guanine Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule? a. adenine b. cytosine c. uracil d. thymine e. guanine Cytosine will form a base pair only with: a. cytosine b. adenine c. thymine d. uracil e. guanine Cytosine will form a base pair only with: a. cytosine b. adenine c. thymine d. uracil e. guanine What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complementary to the following singlestranded DNA molecule? GGATCTGATCCAGTCA |||||||||||||||| _________________________________ What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complementary to the following singlestranded DNA molecule? GGATCTGATCCAGTCA |||||||||||||||| CCTAGACTAGGTCAGT Identify components 1 and 2 of the DNA molecule to the right. Identify components 1 and 2 of the DNA molecule to the right. 1 = a phosphate 2 = deoxyribose sugar In this DNA, which of the following can 3 and 4 be? a) A and G b) U and A c) C and C d) A and T In this DNA, which of the following can 3 and 4 be? a) A and G b) U and A c) C and C d) A and T In this DNA, 3 and 4 are held Together by a) Barry Bonds b) Covalent Bonds c) Peptide bonds d) Hydrogen bonds In this DNA, 3 and 4 are held Together by a) Barry Bonds b) Covalent Bonds c) Peptide bonds d) Hydrogen bonds DNA replication A. occurs by the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. B. results in the formation of four new DNA strands. C. produces two brand new DNA strands that do not resemble the original strand D. uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. E. begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. DNA replication A. occurs by the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. B. results in the formation of four new DNA strands. C. produces two brand new DNA strands that do not resemble the original strand D. uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. E. begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. Describe what is happening in each step of DNA replication (figure to right) Describe what is happening in each step of DNA replication (figure to right) 1: one parent double stranded DNA 2: DNA unzips and unwinds 3: Complementary nitrogen bases match up forming a new strand of DNA using an old strand as a template 4: Two daughter double helices; each ½ old and ½ new A double-stranded DNA is 21% cytosine. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA? A double-stranded DNA is 21% cytosine. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA? 29 % thymine A double-stranded DNA is 38% adenine. What is the percent of cytosine in that DNA? A double-stranded DNA is 38% adenine. What is the percent of cytosine in that DNA? 12 % cytosine The coded information in a DNA molecule determines the formation of A. polysaccharides B. polypeptides C. monosaccharides D. lipids The coded information in a DNA molecule determines the formation of A. polysaccharides B. polypeptides C. monosaccharides D. lipids Which one of the following sequences best describes the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? A.RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B.DNA → RNA → protein C.protein → RNA → DNA D.DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein Which one of the following sequences best describes the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? A.RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B.DNA → RNA → protein C.protein → RNA → DNA D.DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein Two differences between DNA and RNA are that only the RNA contains a) ribose and uracil b) deoxyribose and uracil c) deoxyribose and thymine d) ribose and adenine e) ribose and thymine Two differences between DNA and RNA are that only the RNA contains a) ribose and uracil b) deoxyribose and uracil c) deoxyribose and thymine d) ribose and adenine e) ribose and thymine Which of the following correctly describes messenger RNA? a. single stranded b. uracil replaces thymine c. many sugar to phosphate bonds are present d. contains ribose sugar e. all of the above Which of the following correctly describes messenger RNA? a. single stranded b. uracil replaces thymine c. many sugar to phosphate bonds are present d. contains ribose sugar e. all of the above The process of making RNA from DNA is: a. transcription b. translation c. conjunction d. peptide synthesis e. this process cannot happen The process of making RNA from DNA is: a. transcription b. translation c. conjunction d. peptide synthesis e. this process cannot happen Where is RNA synthesized in a cell? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. ribosome d. endoplasmic reticulum e. golgi body Where is RNA synthesized in a cell? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. ribosome d. endoplasmic reticulum e. golgi body What is the base sequence of the RNA strand that would be transcribed from the DNA sequence below? GGATCTGATCCAGTCA |||||||||||||||| _________________________________ What is the base sequence of the RNA strand that would be transcribed from the DNA sequence below? GGATCTGATCCAGTCA |||||||||||||||| CCUAGACUAGGUCAGU The process of making proteins from RNA is: a. transcription b. translation c. conjunction d. peptide synthesis e. this process cannot happen The process of making proteins from RNA is: a. transcription b. translation c. conjunction d. peptide synthesis e. this process cannot happen The genetic code is redundant. This means A) One codon may code for several amino acids B) The majority of organisms use the same genetic code C) mRNA has sections of nucleotides that are removed. D) Several different codons may code for the same amino acid. The genetic code is redundant. This means A) One codon may code for several amino acids B) The majority of organisms use the same genetic code C) mRNA has sections of nucleotides that are removed. D) Several different codons may code for the same amino acid. Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called A)an advantage B) codon. C)a mutation. D)an anticodon Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called A)an advantage B) codon. C)a mutation. D)an anticodon A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a) an anticodon b) a terminator c) a transposon d) a mutagen. A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a) an anticodon b) a terminator c) a transposon d) a mutagen. A frameshift mutation could result from A) a base insertion only B) a base deletion only C) a base substitution only D) deletion of three consecutive bases E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base A frameshift mutation could result from A) a base insertion only B) a base deletion only C) a base substitution only D) deletion of three consecutive bases E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base A point mutation could result from A) a base insertion only B) a base deletion only C) a base substitution only D) deletion of three consecutive bases E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base A point mutation could result from A) a base insertion only B) a base deletion only C) a base substitution only D) deletion of three consecutive bases E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base Which mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein? A) a base substitution near the start of the coding sequence but not in the start codon B) a base deletion near the beginning of the coding sequence but not in the start codon C) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the stop codon D) deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence, but not in the start codon Which mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein? A) a base substitution near the start of the coding sequence but not in the start codon B) a base deletion near the beginning of the coding sequence but not in the start codon C) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the stop codon D) deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence, but not in the start codon A) B) C) D) Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____ mutation. Point Duplication Frameshift Deletion A) B) C) D) Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____ mutation. Point Duplication Frameshift Deletion A) B) C) D) A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an error in DNA replication. DNA transcription translation. reverse transcription. A) B) C) D) A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an error in DNA replication. DNA transcription translation. reverse transcription. True or False? A mutation always causes a mutant phenotype. A) true B) false C) cannot be determined True or False? A mutation always causes a mutant phenotype. A) true B) false C) cannot be determined During asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the offspring by A) homologous pairing. B) mitosis and cytokinesis. C) meiosis and fertilization. D) meiosis and cytokinesis. During asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the offspring by A) homologous pairing. B) mitosis and cytokinesis. C) meiosis and fertilization. D) meiosis and cytokinesis. Which of the following cells is haploid? a) egg cell b) lung cell c) sperm cell d) kidney cell e) a and c f) b and d Which of the following cells is haploid? a) egg cell b) lung cell c) sperm cell d) kidney cell e) a and c f) b and d Which of the following cells is diploid? a) egg cell b) lung cell c) sperm cell d) kidney cell e) a and c f) b and d Which of the following cells is diploid? a) egg cell b) lung cell c) sperm cell d) kidney cell e) a and c f) b and d Which of the following statements is false? A) a typical body cell is called a somatic cell B) gametes are haploid cells C) somatic cells are diploid D) somatic cells are made by meiosis E) a zygote is a fertilized egg Which of the following statements is false? A) a typical body cell is called a somatic cell B) gametes are haploid cells C) somatic cells are diploid D) somatic cells are made by meiosis E) a zygote is a fertilized egg An animal cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes normal meiosis. What is the total number of chromosomes in each of the resulting daughter cells? a) 6 b) 8 c) 12 d) 24 An animal cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes normal meiosis. What is the total number of chromosomes in each of the resulting daughter cells? a) 6 b) 8 c) 12 d) 24 Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally results in new organisms that contain cells with A) fewer chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent B) the haploid number of chromosomes C) more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent D) the diploid number of chromosomes Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally results in new organisms that contain cells with A) fewer chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent B) the haploid number of chromosomes C) more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent D) the diploid number of chromosomes How many total chromosomes are found in a normal gamete (sex cell) of a human? a) 23 b) 32 c) 46 d) 64 How many total chromosomes are found in a normal gamete (sex cell) of a human? a) 23 b) 32 c) 46 d) 64 Which of the following indicates the types of cells that are produced in humans by meiosis and mitosis? a) body cells (somatic cells ) are produced in both mitosis and meiosis b) body cells are produced in meiosis; gametes in mitosis c) gametes are produced in both meiosis and mitosis d) body cells are produced in mitosis; gametes in meiosis Which of the following indicates the types of cells that are produced in humans by meiosis and mitosis? a) body cells (somatic cells ) are produced in both mitosis and meiosis b) body cells are produced in meiosis; gametes in mitosis c) gametes are produced in both meiosis and mitosis d) body cells are produced in mitosis; gametes in meiosis As the result of normal meiosis, the daughter cells are a) genetically identical to each other but not to the parent cell b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to each other c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each other As the result of normal meiosis, the daughter cells are a) genetically identical to each other but not to the parent cell b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to each other c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each other Which of the following is haploid? A) zygote B) embryo C) muscle cell D) gamete Which of the following is haploid? A) zygote B) embryo C) muscle cell D) gamete Which process is represented in the diagram? A) budding B) mitosis C) fertilization D) meiosis Which process is represented in the diagram? A) budding B) mitosis C) fertilization D) meiosis As the result of normal mitosis, the daughter cells are a) genetically identical to each other but not to the parent cell b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to each other c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each other As the result of normal mitosis, the daughter cells are a) genetically identical to each other but not to the parent cell b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to each other c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each other Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have? A) one B) two C) five D) ten E) twenty Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have? A) one B) two C) five D) ten E) twenty How many total chromosomes are found in a normal body cell (somatic cell) of a human? a) 23 b) 32 c) 46 d) 64 How many total chromosomes are found in a normal body cell (somatic cell) of a human? a) 23 b) 32 c) 46 d) 64 The abnormal zygote is most likely the result of A) chromosome breakage B) gene linkage C) nondisjunction D) polyploidy The abnormal zygote is most likely the result of A) chromosome breakage B) gene linkage C) nondisjunction D) polyploidy The resulting abnormal zygote would be considered a A) monosomy B) trisomy The resulting abnormal zygote would be considered a A) monosomy B) trisomy Chromosome number changes during meiosis because the process consists of A) two cell divisions without any chromosome replication. B) a single cell division without any chromosome replication. C) two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed. D) two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication. E) four cell divisions with no chromosome replication. Chromosome number changes during meiosis because the process consists of A) two cell divisions without any chromosome replication. B) a single cell division without any chromosome replication. C) two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed. D) two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication. E) four cell divisions with no chromosome replication. The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain A) why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents B) the process of differentiation in offspring C) why some offspring physically resemble their parents D) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain A) why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents B) the process of differentiation in offspring C) why some offspring physically resemble their parents D) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring Sexual reproduction by necessity involves which two processes? A) meiosis and fertilization B) mutation and translocation C) nondisjunction and differentiation D) mitosis and fertilization Sexual reproduction by necessity involves which two processes? A) meiosis and fertilization B) mutation and translocation C) nondisjunction and differentiation D) mitosis and fertilization Which diagram BEST represents the formation of a zygote that could develop into a normal human male? Which diagram BEST represents the formation of a zygote that could develop into a normal human male? Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good. The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the environment because the new potato breed will need _____________. A. less water B. less fertilizer C. less fungicide D. less field space Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good. The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the environment because the new potato breed will need _____________. A. less water B. less fertilizer C. less fungicide D. less field space Two farmers plant different varieties of corn on neighboring farms. Farmer A plants genetically modified corn. Farmer B plants a nonmodified variety of corn. What would be farmer B’s primary concern if she plans to gather seed for next year’s crop? A. loss of genetic variability in the non-modified variety that mutation rates will increase in the non-modified variety C. that insects will only pollinate the genetically modified corn D. unintended transfer of modified genes to her crop by crosspollination B. Two farmers plant different varieties of corn on neighboring farms. Farmer A plants genetically modified corn. Farmer B plants a nonmodified variety of corn. What would be farmer B’s primary concern if she plans to gather seed for next year’s crop? A. loss of genetic variability in the non-modified variety that mutation rates will increase in the non-modified variety C. that insects will only pollinate the genetically modified corn D. unintended transfer of modified genes to her crop by crosspollination B.