Download homologous structures

Which one of the following was not a main idea that
Darwin advanced in his works?
A) species change over time
B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms
C) modern species arose through a process known as
"descent with modification"
D) new species can form by inheritance of
characteristics acquired during an individual’s life
E) new species arise by natural selection
Which one of the following was not a main idea that
Darwin advanced in his works?
A) species change over time
B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms
C) modern species arose through a process known as
"descent with modification"
D) new species can form by inheritance of
characteristics acquired during an individual’s life
E) new species arise by natural selection
_____ and _____ generate variation, while ______
results in adaptation to the environment
A) genetic drift
natural selection
mutation
B) mutation
sexual reproduction
natural selection
C) sexual reproduction
natural selection
mutation
D) natural selection mutation
sexual recombination
_____ and _____ generate variation, while ______
results in adaptation to the environment
A) genetic drift
natural selection
mutation
B) mutation
sexual reproduction
natural selection
C) sexual reproduction
natural selection
mutation
D) natural selection mutation
sexual recombination
Which term describes structures similar in purpose
but not inherited from a common ancestor?
a. homologous
b. analogous
c. vestigial
d. embryonic
Which term describes structures similar in purpose
but not inherited from a common ancestor?
a. homologous
b. analogous
c. vestigial
d. embryonic
As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of
evolutionary change in the plant and animal
kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because
A) characteristic change less frequent than in
asexual reproduction
B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent
C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual
reproduction
D) environmental changes never affect organisms
produced by asexual reproduction
As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of
evolutionary change in the plant and animal
kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because
A) characteristic change less frequent than in
asexual reproduction
B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent
C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual
reproduction
D) environmental changes never affect organisms
produced by asexual reproduction
The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone
are each examples of _____
a. Biogenesis
b. Fossil record
c. Homologous structures
d. Vestigial Structures
The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone
are each examples of _____
a. Biogenesis
b. Fossil record
c. Homologous structures
d. Vestigial Structures
The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are
similar structures that result from evolution from a
common ancestor. They are
a. divergent structures
b. vestigial structures
c. homologous structures
d. analogous structures
The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are
similar structures that result from evolution from a
common ancestor. They are
a. divergent structures
b. vestigial structures
c. homologous structures
d. analogous structures
A similarity in DNA sequence between two species
a. does not indicate a relationship
b. is a genetic coincidence
c. is impossible
d. suggests a close relationship
A similarity in DNA sequence between two species
a. does not indicate a relationship
b. is a genetic coincidence
c. is impossible
d. suggests a close relationship
If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in
a changing environment, it will most likely
a. acquire them through evolution
b. become extinct
c. evolve into a lower form
d. evolve into a higher form
If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in
a changing environment, it will most likely
a. acquire them through evolution
b. become extinct
c. evolve into a lower form
d. evolve into a higher form
An inherited trait that increases chances of survival
and reproduction is
a. a mutation
b. not possible in nature
c. a genotype
d. an adaptation
An inherited trait that increases chances of survival
and reproduction is
a. a mutation
b. not possible in nature
c. a genotype
d. an adaptation
In the process of evolution, the effect of the
environment is to
a. generate variation within the species
b. prevent the occurrence of mutations
c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist
within the species
d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of
the species
In the process of evolution, the effect of the
environment is to
a. generate variation within the species
b. prevent the occurrence of mutations
c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist
within the species
d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of
the species
Which of the following provides evidence that
vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor?
A) homologous structures
B) the presence of similar genes
C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in
vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail
D) All of the choices are correct
Which of the following provides evidence that
vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor?
A) homologous structures
B) the presence of similar genes
C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in
vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail
D) All of the choices are correct
According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the
common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians?
a. Species 1
b. Species 2
c. Species 3
d. Species 4
e. Species 5
f. Species 6
According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the
common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians?
a. Species 1
b. Species 2
c. Species 3
d. Species 4
e. Species 5
f. Species 6
According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the
common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes?
a. Species 1
b. Species 2
c. Species 3
d. Species 4
e. Species 5
f. Species 6
According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the
common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes?
a. Species 1
b. Species 2
c. Species 3
d. Species 4
e. Species 5
f. Species 6
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial
Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored
and peppered moths could be either light or
dark colored.
After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of
a. darker tree trunks
b. darker moths
c. lighter tree trunks
d. lighter moths
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial
Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored
and peppered moths could be either light or
dark colored.
After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of
a. darker tree trunks
b. darker moths
c. lighter tree trunks
d. lighter moths
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree
trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be
either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the
immediate cause of darker tree trunks.
The moth population became darker because
a. they were covered with soot
b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths
c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths
d. the adults changed color to escape the birds
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree
trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be
either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the
immediate cause of darker tree trunks.
The moth population became darker because
a. they were covered with soot
b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths
c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths
d. the adults changed color to escape the birds
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree
trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be
either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the
immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth
population became darker because birds were more likely
to find and eat light moths.
Birds in this case are examples of
a. an environmental pressure
b. a variation
c. an adaptation
d. co-evolution
In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree
trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be
either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the
immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth
population became darker because birds were more likely
to find and eat light moths.
Birds in this case are examples of
a. an environmental pressure
b. a variation
c. an adaptation
d. co-evolution
More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described,
yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building
blocks. This is evidence that all animals have
a) a common ancestor.
b) identical fossils
c) similar appearances
d) the exact same DNA sequences.
More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described,
yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building
blocks. This is evidence that all animals have
a) a common ancestor.
b) identical fossils
c) similar appearances
d) the exact same DNA sequences.
Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below.
Honey bee:
GATTCAGTCA
Bumble bee:
GATTCAGTCG
Carpenter bee:
GTTTCATTCA
Leafcutter bee:
CATTGACTCA
Mason bee:
CTAAGGCTAA
Digger bee:
GTTTGGCCAA
Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above?
a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to
leafcutter bees
b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives"
c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees
d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter
bees are
Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below.
Honey bee:
GATTCAGTCA
Bumble bee:
GATTCAGTCG
Carpenter bee:
GTTTCATTCA
Leafcutter bee:
CATTGACTCA
Mason bee:
CTAAGGCTAA
Digger bee:
GTTTGGCCAA
Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above?
a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to
leafcutter bees
b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives"
c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees
d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter
bees are
Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these
structures are homologous. Which of these structures
represents an analogous structure?
Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these
structures are homologous. Which of these structures
represents an analogous structure?
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
The few eggs surviving in
culture medium Y probably
A) inherited an acquired characteristic.
B) became resistant by the law of use.
C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added.
D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
The few eggs surviving in
culture medium Y probably
A) inherited an acquired characteristic.
B) became resistant by the law of use.
C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added.
D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
Addition of the DDT is a(n)
A) change in the environment
B) variation
C) stablilizing factor
D) acquired characteristic
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
Addition of the DDT is a(n)
A) change in the environment
B) variation
C) stablilizing factor
D) acquired characteristic
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
If eggs from the mosquitoes
that developed from surviving
culture Y were placed in culture Z,
they would probably
A) die
B) survive and reproduce
C)change form
D) mutate
Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium
Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an
insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs
survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is
the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added.
If eggs from the mosquitoes
that developed from surviving
culture Y were placed in culture Z,
they would probably
A) die
B) survive and reproduce
C)change form
D) mutate
Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days
she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic
and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best
response would be:
A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the
body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she
doesn't need the pills after she feels better.
B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure
to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains.
C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection
more quickly than anticipated.
D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her
immune system can finish fighting it off.
Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days
she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic
and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best
response would be:
A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the
body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she
doesn't need the pills after she feels better.
B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure
to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains.
C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection
more quickly than anticipated.
D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her
immune system can finish fighting it off.
Which of the following statements is/are true of
BOTH bacteria and viruses?
A. Can be killed with antibiotics
B. Have a protein coat
C. Contain DNA
D. Single-celled organisms
E. None of the above
Which of the following statements is/are true of
BOTH bacteria and viruses?
A. Can be killed with antibiotics
B. Have a protein coat
C. Contain DNA
D. Single-celled organisms
E. None of the above
Which of the following statements is true of
viruses but is NOT true of bacteria?
A. Has a cell wall
B. Smallest in size
C. Single-celled organisms
D. Can be killed with antibiotics
E. None of the above
Which of the following statements is true of
viruses but is NOT true of bacteria?
A. Has a cell wall
B. Smallest in size
C. Single-celled organisms
D. Can be killed with antibiotics
E. None of the above
Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is
passed through ___________.
A. viral, direct contact
B. viral, animal bites
C. bacterial, food
D. bacterial, indirect contact
Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is
passed through ___________.
A. viral, direct contact
B. viral, animal bites
C. bacterial, food
D. bacterial, indirect contact
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells
in that eukaryotic cells possess
A. Cell walls
B. Cytoplasm
C. A nucleus
D. Ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells
in that eukaryotic cells possess
A. Cell walls
B. Cytoplasm
C. A nucleus
D. Ribosomes
Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they
possess
A. Cell walls
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes
Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they
possess
A. Cell walls
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes
Most viruses are
A. larger than bacteria
B. strands of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
enclosed within a protein coat
C. treatable with antibiotics
D. single-celled organisms
Most viruses are
A. larger than bacteria
B. strands of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
enclosed within a protein coat
C. treatable with antibiotics
D. single-celled organisms
Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat
infections. Which of the following statements is
the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic?
A. It is as effective now as when it first came out.
B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to
this antibiotic, given its widespread use.
C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used,
bacterial may become resistant to it.
D. None of the above
Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat
infections. Which of the following statements is
the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic?
A. It is as effective now as when it first came out.
B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to
this antibiotic, given its widespread use.
C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used,
bacterial may become resistant to it.
D. None of the above
All cells possess all the following components
EXCEPT
A. cytoplasm.
B. ribosomes.
C. a nucleus.
D. plasma/cell membrane.
All cells possess all the following components
EXCEPT
A. cytoplasm.
B. ribosomes.
C. a nucleus.
D. plasma/cell membrane.
Animal cells possess all the following components
EXCEPT
A. A nucleus and ribosomes.
B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule
B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm.
D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles.
Animal cells possess all the following components
EXCEPT
A. A nucleus and ribosomes.
B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule
B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm.
D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles.
Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells
A. Plant cells
B. Animal cells.
C. Fungi
D. Bacteria
Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells
A. Plant cells
B. Animal cells.
C. Fungi
D. Bacteria
What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes
and chromosomes?
A)A gene contains many chromosomes which are
composed of proteins
B)A chromosome contains many genes which are
composed of DNA
C)A gene is composed of proteins which are found on
the chromosomes
D)A chromosome contains many genes which are
composed of proteins
What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes
and chromosomes?
A)A gene contains many chromosomes which are
composed of proteins
B)A chromosome contains many genes which are
composed of DNA
C)A gene is composed of proteins which are found on
the chromosomes
D)A chromosome contains many genes which are
composed of proteins
DNA and RNA are polymers of
A. fatty acids
B. nucleotides
C. monoglycerides
D. amino acids
DNA and RNA are polymers of
A. fatty acids
B. nucleotides
C. monoglycerides
D. amino acids
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
a. a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base
b. a group of linked amino acids
c. one half of a DNA molecule
d. a protein, a sugar, and a phosphate
e. a phosphate, a six-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
a. a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base
b. a group of linked amino acids
c. one half of a DNA molecule
d. a protein, a sugar, and a phosphate
e. a phosphate, a six-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base
Which parts of a nucleotide make-up the
backbone of a nucleic acid molecule?
A) phosphate
B) sugar
C) nitrogen base
D) A and B
E) B and C
Which parts of a nucleotide make-up the
backbone of a nucleic acid molecule?
A) phosphate
B) sugar
C) nitrogen base
D) A and B
E) B and C
In double stranded DNA, the weak bonds between
complementary nitrogen bases involve:
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. hydrogen bonds
d. five-carbon sugars
e. sulfur
In double stranded DNA, the weak bonds between
complementary nitrogen bases involve:
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. hydrogen bonds
d. five-carbon sugars
e. sulfur
Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogen
bases in a DNA molecule?
a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. uracil
d. thymine
e. guanine
Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogen
bases in a DNA molecule?
a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. uracil
d. thymine
e. guanine
Cytosine will form a base pair only with:
a. cytosine
b. adenine
c. thymine
d. uracil
e. guanine
Cytosine will form a base pair only with:
a. cytosine
b. adenine
c. thymine
d. uracil
e. guanine
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that
would be complementary to the following singlestranded DNA molecule?
GGATCTGATCCAGTCA
||||||||||||||||
_________________________________
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that
would be complementary to the following singlestranded DNA molecule?
GGATCTGATCCAGTCA
||||||||||||||||
CCTAGACTAGGTCAGT
Identify components
1 and 2 of the DNA
molecule to the
right.
Identify components
1 and 2 of the DNA
molecule to the
right.
1 = a phosphate
2 = deoxyribose sugar
In this DNA,
which of the
following can
3 and 4 be?
a) A and G
b) U and A
c) C and C
d) A and T
In this DNA,
which of the
following can
3 and 4 be?
a) A and G
b) U and A
c) C and C
d) A and T
In this DNA,
3 and 4 are held
Together by
a) Barry Bonds
b) Covalent Bonds
c) Peptide bonds
d) Hydrogen bonds
In this DNA,
3 and 4 are held
Together by
a) Barry Bonds
b) Covalent Bonds
c) Peptide bonds
d) Hydrogen bonds
DNA replication
A. occurs by the addition of nucleotides to the end of
the DNA molecule.
B. results in the formation of four new DNA strands.
C. produces two brand new DNA strands that do not
resemble the original strand
D. uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template
for the creation of a new strand.
E. begins when two DNA molecules join together to
exchange segments.
DNA replication
A. occurs by the addition of nucleotides to the end of
the DNA molecule.
B. results in the formation of four new DNA strands.
C. produces two brand new DNA strands that do not
resemble the original strand
D. uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a
template for the creation of a new strand.
E. begins when two DNA molecules join together to
exchange segments.
Describe what is
happening in each
step of
DNA replication
(figure to right)
Describe what is
happening in each
step of
DNA replication
(figure to right)
1: one parent double stranded DNA
2: DNA unzips and unwinds
3: Complementary nitrogen bases match up forming a
new strand of DNA using an old strand as a template
4: Two daughter double helices; each ½ old and ½ new
A double-stranded DNA is 21% cytosine.
What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
A double-stranded DNA is 21% cytosine.
What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
29 % thymine
A double-stranded DNA is 38% adenine.
What is the percent of cytosine in that DNA?
A double-stranded DNA is 38% adenine.
What is the percent of cytosine in that DNA?
12 % cytosine
The coded information in a DNA molecule determines
the formation of
A. polysaccharides
B. polypeptides
C. monosaccharides
D. lipids
The coded information in a DNA molecule determines
the formation of
A. polysaccharides
B. polypeptides
C. monosaccharides
D. lipids
Which one of the following sequences best describes
the flow of information when a gene directs the
synthesis of a cellular component?
A.RNA → DNA → RNA → protein
B.DNA → RNA → protein
C.protein → RNA → DNA
D.DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein
Which one of the following sequences best describes
the flow of information when a gene directs the
synthesis of a cellular component?
A.RNA → DNA → RNA → protein
B.DNA → RNA → protein
C.protein → RNA → DNA
D.DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein
Two differences between DNA and RNA are that only
the RNA contains
a) ribose and uracil
b) deoxyribose and uracil
c) deoxyribose and thymine
d) ribose and adenine
e) ribose and thymine
Two differences between DNA and RNA are that only
the RNA contains
a) ribose and uracil
b) deoxyribose and uracil
c) deoxyribose and thymine
d) ribose and adenine
e) ribose and thymine
Which of the following correctly describes
messenger RNA?
a. single stranded
b. uracil replaces thymine
c. many sugar to phosphate bonds are present
d. contains ribose sugar
e. all of the above
Which of the following correctly describes
messenger RNA?
a. single stranded
b. uracil replaces thymine
c. many sugar to phosphate bonds are present
d. contains ribose sugar
e. all of the above
The process of making RNA from DNA is:
a. transcription
b. translation
c. conjunction
d. peptide synthesis
e. this process cannot happen
The process of making RNA from DNA is:
a. transcription
b. translation
c. conjunction
d. peptide synthesis
e. this process cannot happen
Where is RNA synthesized in a cell?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. ribosome
d. endoplasmic reticulum
e. golgi body
Where is RNA synthesized in a cell?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. ribosome
d. endoplasmic reticulum
e. golgi body
What is the base sequence of the RNA strand that
would be transcribed from the DNA sequence below?
GGATCTGATCCAGTCA
||||||||||||||||
_________________________________
What is the base sequence of the RNA strand that
would be transcribed from the DNA sequence below?
GGATCTGATCCAGTCA
||||||||||||||||
CCUAGACUAGGUCAGU
The process of making proteins from RNA is:
a. transcription
b. translation
c. conjunction
d. peptide synthesis
e. this process cannot happen
The process of making proteins from RNA is:
a. transcription
b. translation
c. conjunction
d. peptide synthesis
e. this process cannot happen
The genetic code is redundant. This means
A) One codon may code for several amino acids
B) The majority of organisms use the same genetic
code
C) mRNA has sections of nucleotides that are
removed.
D) Several different codons may code for the same
amino acid.
The genetic code is redundant. This means
A) One codon may code for several amino acids
B) The majority of organisms use the same genetic
code
C) mRNA has sections of nucleotides that are
removed.
D) Several different codons may code for the same
amino acid.
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
called
A)an advantage
B) codon.
C)a mutation.
D)an anticodon
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
called
A)an advantage
B) codon.
C)a mutation.
D)an anticodon
A physical or chemical agent that changes the
nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
a) an anticodon
b) a terminator
c) a transposon
d) a mutagen.
A physical or chemical agent that changes the
nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
a) an anticodon
b) a terminator
c) a transposon
d) a mutagen.
A frameshift mutation could result from
A) a base insertion only
B) a base deletion only
C) a base substitution only
D) deletion of three consecutive bases
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base
A frameshift mutation could result from
A) a base insertion only
B) a base deletion only
C) a base substitution only
D) deletion of three consecutive bases
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base
A point mutation could result from
A) a base insertion only
B) a base deletion only
C) a base substitution only
D) deletion of three consecutive bases
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base
A point mutation could result from
A) a base insertion only
B) a base deletion only
C) a base substitution only
D) deletion of three consecutive bases
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base
Which mutation would be most likely to have a
catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?
A) a base substitution near the start of the coding
sequence but not in the start codon
B) a base deletion near the beginning of the coding
sequence but not in the start codon
C) a base deletion near the end of the coding
sequence, but not in the stop codon
D) deletion of three bases near the start of the coding
sequence, but not in the start codon
Which mutation would be most likely to have a
catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?
A) a base substitution near the start of the coding
sequence but not in the start codon
B) a base deletion near the beginning of the coding
sequence but not in the start codon
C) a base deletion near the end of the coding
sequence, but not in the stop codon
D) deletion of three bases near the start of the coding
sequence, but not in the start codon
A)
B)
C)
D)
Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____
mutation.
Point
Duplication
Frameshift
Deletion
A)
B)
C)
D)
Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____
mutation.
Point
Duplication
Frameshift
Deletion
A)
B)
C)
D)
A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an
error in
DNA replication.
DNA transcription
translation.
reverse transcription.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an
error in
DNA replication.
DNA transcription
translation.
reverse transcription.
True or False? A mutation always causes a mutant
phenotype.
A) true
B) false
C) cannot be determined
True or False? A mutation always causes a mutant
phenotype.
A) true
B) false
C) cannot be determined
During asexual reproduction, the genetic material
of the parent is passed on to the offspring by
A) homologous pairing.
B) mitosis and cytokinesis.
C) meiosis and fertilization.
D) meiosis and cytokinesis.
During asexual reproduction, the genetic material
of the parent is passed on to the offspring by
A) homologous pairing.
B) mitosis and cytokinesis.
C) meiosis and fertilization.
D) meiosis and cytokinesis.
Which of the following cells is haploid?
a) egg cell
b) lung cell
c) sperm cell
d) kidney cell
e) a and c
f) b and d
Which of the following cells is haploid?
a) egg cell
b) lung cell
c) sperm cell
d) kidney cell
e) a and c
f) b and d
Which of the following cells is diploid?
a) egg cell
b) lung cell
c) sperm cell
d) kidney cell
e) a and c
f) b and d
Which of the following cells is diploid?
a) egg cell
b) lung cell
c) sperm cell
d) kidney cell
e) a and c
f) b and d
Which of the following statements is false?
A) a typical body cell is called a somatic cell
B) gametes are haploid cells
C) somatic cells are diploid
D) somatic cells are made by meiosis
E) a zygote is a fertilized egg
Which of the following statements is false?
A) a typical body cell is called a somatic cell
B) gametes are haploid cells
C) somatic cells are diploid
D) somatic cells are made by meiosis
E) a zygote is a fertilized egg
An animal cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes
normal meiosis. What is the total number
of chromosomes in each of the resulting daughter
cells?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 12
d) 24
An animal cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes
normal meiosis. What is the total number
of chromosomes in each of the resulting daughter
cells?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 12
d) 24
Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally
results in new organisms that contain cells with
A) fewer chromosomes than are found in the cells
of the parent
B) the haploid number of chromosomes
C) more chromosomes than are found in the cells
of the parent
D) the diploid number of chromosomes
Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally
results in new organisms that contain cells with
A) fewer chromosomes than are found in the cells
of the parent
B) the haploid number of chromosomes
C) more chromosomes than are found in the cells
of the parent
D) the diploid number of chromosomes
How many total chromosomes are found in a
normal gamete (sex cell) of a human?
a) 23
b) 32
c) 46
d) 64
How many total chromosomes are found in a
normal gamete (sex cell) of a human?
a) 23
b) 32
c) 46
d) 64
Which of the following indicates the types of cells
that are produced in humans by meiosis and
mitosis?
a) body cells (somatic cells ) are produced in both
mitosis and meiosis
b) body cells are produced in meiosis; gametes in
mitosis
c) gametes are produced in both meiosis and
mitosis
d) body cells are produced in mitosis; gametes in
meiosis
Which of the following indicates the types of cells
that are produced in humans by meiosis and
mitosis?
a) body cells (somatic cells ) are produced in both
mitosis and meiosis
b) body cells are produced in meiosis; gametes in
mitosis
c) gametes are produced in both meiosis and
mitosis
d) body cells are produced in mitosis; gametes in
meiosis
As the result of normal meiosis, the daughter cells
are
a) genetically identical to each other but not to the
parent cell
b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to
each other
c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each
other
d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each
other
As the result of normal meiosis, the daughter cells
are
a) genetically identical to each other but not to the
parent cell
b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to
each other
c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each
other
d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each
other
Which of the following is haploid?
A) zygote
B) embryo
C) muscle cell
D) gamete
Which of the following is haploid?
A) zygote
B) embryo
C) muscle cell
D) gamete
Which process is represented in the diagram?
A) budding
B) mitosis
C) fertilization
D) meiosis
Which process is represented in the diagram?
A) budding
B) mitosis
C) fertilization
D) meiosis
As the result of normal mitosis, the daughter cells
are
a) genetically identical to each other but not to the
parent cell
b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to
each other
c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each
other
d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each
other
As the result of normal mitosis, the daughter cells
are
a) genetically identical to each other but not to the
parent cell
b) genetically identical to the parent cell but not to
each other
c) genetically identical to the parent cell and to each
other
d) identical to neither the parent cell nor to each
other
Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have 10
chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a
Drosophila gamete have?
A) one
B) two
C) five
D) ten
E) twenty
Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have 10
chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a
Drosophila gamete have?
A) one
B) two
C) five
D) ten
E) twenty
How many total chromosomes are found in a
normal body cell (somatic cell) of a human?
a) 23
b) 32
c) 46
d) 64
How many total chromosomes are found in a
normal body cell (somatic cell) of a human?
a) 23
b) 32
c) 46
d) 64
The abnormal zygote is most likely the result
of
A) chromosome breakage
B) gene linkage
C) nondisjunction
D) polyploidy
The abnormal zygote is most likely the result
of
A) chromosome breakage
B) gene linkage
C) nondisjunction
D) polyploidy
The resulting abnormal zygote would be
considered a
A) monosomy
B) trisomy
The resulting abnormal zygote would be
considered a
A) monosomy
B) trisomy
Chromosome number changes during meiosis because
the process consists of
A) two cell divisions without any chromosome
replication.
B) a single cell division without any chromosome
replication.
C) two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes
are destroyed.
D) two cell divisions and only a single round of
chromosome replication.
E) four cell divisions with no chromosome replication.
Chromosome number changes during meiosis because
the process consists of
A) two cell divisions without any chromosome
replication.
B) a single cell division without any chromosome
replication.
C) two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes
are destroyed.
D) two cell divisions and only a single round of
chromosome replication.
E) four cell divisions with no chromosome replication.
The diagram below shows a process that affects
chromosomes during meiosis.
This process can be used to explain
A) why some offspring are genetically identical to their
parents
B) the process of differentiation in offspring
C) why some offspring physically resemble their
parents
D) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring
The diagram below shows a process that affects
chromosomes during meiosis.
This process can be used to explain
A) why some offspring are genetically identical to their
parents
B) the process of differentiation in offspring
C) why some offspring physically resemble their
parents
D) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring
Sexual reproduction by necessity involves
which two processes?
A) meiosis and fertilization
B) mutation and translocation
C) nondisjunction and differentiation
D) mitosis and fertilization
Sexual reproduction by necessity involves
which two processes?
A) meiosis and fertilization
B) mutation and translocation
C) nondisjunction and differentiation
D) mitosis and fertilization
Which diagram BEST represents the
formation of a zygote that could
develop into a normal human male?
Which diagram BEST represents the
formation of a zygote that could
develop into a normal human male?
Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants.
Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus.
These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to
taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are
resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good.
The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the
environment because the new potato breed will need _____________.
A. less water
B. less fertilizer
C. less fungicide
D. less field space
Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants.
Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus.
These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to
taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are
resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good.
The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the
environment because the new potato breed will need _____________.
A. less water
B. less fertilizer
C. less fungicide
D. less field space
Two farmers plant different varieties of corn on neighboring farms.
Farmer A plants genetically modified corn. Farmer B plants a nonmodified variety of corn. What would be farmer B’s primary concern if
she plans to gather seed for next year’s crop?
A. loss of genetic variability in the non-modified variety
that mutation rates will increase in the non-modified variety
C. that insects will only pollinate the genetically modified corn
D. unintended transfer of modified genes to her crop by crosspollination
B.
Two farmers plant different varieties of corn on neighboring farms.
Farmer A plants genetically modified corn. Farmer B plants a nonmodified variety of corn. What would be farmer B’s primary concern if
she plans to gather seed for next year’s crop?
A. loss of genetic variability in the non-modified variety
that mutation rates will increase in the non-modified variety
C. that insects will only pollinate the genetically modified corn
D. unintended transfer of modified genes to her crop by crosspollination
B.