Download Implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and CDM in Vietnam

Implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol
and CDM in Vietnam
Dr.Dao Duc Tuan
Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu
National Office for Ozone Protection & Climate Change
Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment
Content
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Background
Climate change impacts
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol (KP) to
UNFCCC and Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)
Main activities and results of UNFCCC
implementation in Vietnam
UNEP Project on Capacity Building for CDM
Background
• Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are vital because they act like a
blanker around the earth to stabilize temperature. Without
this natural blanket the surface average temperature of the
earth would be -200C.
• Steam, CO2, CH4, N2O are main GHGs
• Due to industrialization to develop social-economic,
anthropogenic GHG emissions are increasing significantly in
the atmosphere.
• Increase of GHG concentration in the atmosphere leads to
climate change.
Greenhouse Effect
CO2 in the atmosphere of some planets
Background (Cont.)
• Many human activities contribute to GHG emissions:
Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas)
Exploiting mine
Industry activities
Food production activities
Burning and exploiting forests
Land use change
Waste
• Due to these activities, global average temperature
increased 0.60C over the last 100 years.
• It is estimated that global temperature would increase from
1 to 3,50C.
CO2 emissions from industrial processes
CO2 emission from land use change
CO2 density in the atmosphere
Impacts of Climate Change
Climate change impacts
•
Harmfulness of climate change impacts:
 Human health
 Agriculture and Forestry
 Water resource
 Coastal zone
 Natural habitat zones and floras and fauna
 Social-economic systems
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
• More than 150 countries signed in June 1992 in Rio de
Janeiro (Brazil)
• Including commitments of states to establish a framework
for controlling and eliminating GHG emissions in order to
stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference
with the climate system
 Annex I Parties (economic transitions transform
countries): implement commitment on reducing GHG
emissions
 Non-Annex I Parties (developing countries)
Kyoto protocol
Kyoto Protocol (KP):
• Protocol to UNFCCC, approved in Kyoto in 12/1997
• GHG controlled by KP including: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs,
SF6.
• Commitments of reducing GHG with special rate of parties (EU:
8%, USA: 7%, Japan: 6%)
• Condition to KP enter into force after 90 days when:
– 55 Parties to the Convention have deposited their instruments
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
– Annex I which ratify accounted in total for at least 55% of the
total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990
• To 13 November 2002: 84 countries signed, 97 countries ratified.
Annex 1 Parties which ratified represent 37,4%
CDM
• One of the mechanisms under KP (Article 12)
• The purpose of the CDM:
To assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving
sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate
objective of the Convention
To assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving
compliance with their quantified emission limitation and
reduction commitments under Article 3
• In the first commitment period (2008-2012) : Annex I Parties
shall reduce their overall emissions of GHG by at least 5%
below 1990 levels
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC
• Hydro-Meteorological Service of Vietnam (HMS) - at
present belongs to Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MONRE) - is assigned by the Government as
a National Authority for implementing UNFCCC and KP as
well as a National Authority for Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) in Vietnam.
• HMS has coordinated with related Ministries, agencies
to carry out climate change activities in the effort to
promote implementation of UNFCCC and preparation for
CDM activities in Vietnam.
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (Cont.)
Establishing a Climate Change Country Team and National Technical Expert
Team to manage and implement projects regarding climate change issues.
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HMS (MONRE)
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Ministry of Science & Technology
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of Transportation
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Training & Education
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Public Health
Ministry of Justice
Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Association
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
• Vietnam has carried out the following climate change
projects:
1. Asian: Study on global impacts of climate change
2. CC:TRAIN
3. “Asian Least Cost GHG Abatement Strategy” (ALGAS)
4. Vietnam coastal zone vulnerability assessment
5. Economic of GHG Limitation (Phase 1): “Formulization
of methodology to assess GHG limitation “
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
6. Reduction of electricity consumption in Cement Ha Tien 2 Plant
by using surplus thermal for additional generation
7. Implementation of UNFCCC in Quang Ninh Province
8. “Enabling Activities for the Preparation of Initial National
Communication Related to UNFCCC”
9. “Vietnam National Strategy Study on Clean Development
Mechanism” (NSS)
10. Use of biogas
11. Increasing carbon sequestration in planted forest in Vietnam
through use of genetically improved species
12. Energy efficient in Public Lighting sector
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
D. Main results: National GHG Inventories (1990,
1993, 1994):
- Energy
- Industrial Processes
- Agriculture
- Land use change and Forestry
- Waste
National GHG Inventory Result in 1994
Land use change
and Forestry
19,4 Tg - 18,6%
Agriculture
52,5 Tg - 50,5%
Waste
2,5 Tg -2,5%
Energy
25,6 Tg - 24,7%
Industrial
processes
3,8Tg - 3,7%
GHG Emission Project in Vietnam
CO2 equivalent ( Tg )
250
200
150
Energy
Forestry
Agriculture
Total
100
50
0
1993
-50
2000
2010
Year
2020
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
• Develop and assess GHG mitigation options
A/ Energy:
 Use of renewable energies (wind, solar)
 Energy efficiency improvement for Cooking Stoves
 Compact Fluorescent Lamp
 Energy efficiency improvement for old air-conditioning,
fridge, engine
 Fuel Efficiency Improvements with Lean Burn Engine in
Transportation
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
B/ Forestry
 Long-term rotation reforestation
 Short-term rotation reforestation
 Afforestation
 Scatter plantation
C/ Agriculture
 Water management on rice fields
 Processing animal food
 Biogas utilization in rural areas
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
• Vulnerability assessment and development of
measures to cop with climate change
• Raising awareness and knowledge
- Workshops, seminars
- Compilation of programmes, video to disseminate
• Development of climate change project ideas to
attract international supports.
Main activities and results of implementation
of UNFCCC (CONT.)
• Formulation and development of climate change, CDM/PCF
projects portfolio
 Improve energy efficiency in Small Medium Scale Enterprises
(SME)
 Reducing CH4 emission by managing water level on rice fields
 Fuel switching oil to gas (Thu Duc Plant )
 Recover CH4 from landfills (Hochiminh City, Hanoi, Haiphong City)
 Capacity Development for CDM
 Development of renewable energies (wind, biogas, solar,
geothermal power )
 Co-generation of electricity (Nghe An Tate & Lyle Company)
 Establishment of Protection Forest (Central Regional)
UNEP project on capacity development for
CDM
• The project has launched by UNEP with the
support from Dutch Government.
• Vietnam is one of the three countries in Asia
has been selected to participate in the project.
• The project will assist Viet Nam to take
advantages to joint CDM market through
establishing GHG emission reduction projects
that are consistent with national sustainable
development goals.
UNEP project on capacity development for CDM
Expected Outcomes:
• Define and improve a regulatory framework to
support CDM activities
• Enhance CDM capacity building and skills for
related organizations
• Identify prospective CDM projects
• Operational information and guidelines for raising
awareness and capacity building on CDM that can
be applied in the project.
UNEP project on capacity development for CDM
Project Preparation Phase:
• Review national experiences on AIJ / CDM projects
• Organize and participate in CDM national workshop with
participation of main national stakeholders involved on CDM
• Establish a country specific strategy approach in order to
obtain the highest degree of political support
• Designate an appropriate focal point agency that will
coordinate national CDM activities and investments.
• Develop a multi-year work plan for promoting nationals
CDM activities and investments in Vietnam
Conclusion
• Vietnam has interested in climate change activities
• Vietnam signed and ratified UNFCCC in 1994
• Vietnam signed KP in 1997 and ratified it on 25 September
2002.
• In 1994, Vietnam issued Environment Law and Decree of
Government guiding implementation of environment
protection law.
 These documents affirm that Vietnam would implement its
commitment in International Convention on environment
protection which it signed
Conclusion (Cont.)
The UNEP Project: “Capacity Development for
CDM” will contribute an important part to
facilitating CDM activities and sustainable
development in Vietnam in the future.
Thank you for your attention