Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
... achieved in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, because their emissions have declined since 1990. The next highest reductions will be achieved in the EU, followed by Canada. Behind Canada, to a lesser extent, are Japan and the USA, for the latter of which emissions have significantly increased since ...
... achieved in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, because their emissions have declined since 1990. The next highest reductions will be achieved in the EU, followed by Canada. Behind Canada, to a lesser extent, are Japan and the USA, for the latter of which emissions have significantly increased since ...
REDD and the effort to limit global warming to 2°C
... Following from Anger & Sathaye (2008) and Anger et al. (2009), we utilise a numerical partial equilibrium model of the global carbon market in the year 2020 to quantify the carbon market impacts of integrating reduced deforestation credits. The model enforces a balance between the supply and demand ...
... Following from Anger & Sathaye (2008) and Anger et al. (2009), we utilise a numerical partial equilibrium model of the global carbon market in the year 2020 to quantify the carbon market impacts of integrating reduced deforestation credits. The model enforces a balance between the supply and demand ...
Australia`s carbon budget based on global effort sharing
... Important to note here already is that, depending on the assumptions and remaining budgets, the yearly emissions reductions required by the scenarios can exceed the technically possible (compare chapter 2.4). The emissions reductions to comply with these budgets do thereby not necessarily need to ta ...
... Important to note here already is that, depending on the assumptions and remaining budgets, the yearly emissions reductions required by the scenarios can exceed the technically possible (compare chapter 2.4). The emissions reductions to comply with these budgets do thereby not necessarily need to ta ...
State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007
... Much of the demand driving the voluntary carbon markets comes from the developed and more environmentally aware markets in North America and Europe. Survey respondents reported that 68% of their customers are based in the United States and 3% in Canada. In addition, about half of the suppliers respo ...
... Much of the demand driving the voluntary carbon markets comes from the developed and more environmentally aware markets in North America and Europe. Survey respondents reported that 68% of their customers are based in the United States and 3% in Canada. In addition, about half of the suppliers respo ...
Doing Business while Mitigating Climate Change
... The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction comm ...
... The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction comm ...
Can Carbon Sinks be Operational? An RFF Workshop Summary
... sinks to sequester carbon is substantial, often at a low cost. Land use and forestry projects require relatively unsophisticated technology, although they may require institutional and political change in some countries to be truly effective. While further work is needed to develop effective and cre ...
... sinks to sequester carbon is substantial, often at a low cost. Land use and forestry projects require relatively unsophisticated technology, although they may require institutional and political change in some countries to be truly effective. While further work is needed to develop effective and cre ...
3. The role of Sustainable Land Management in Sub
... emissions by 265 Mt CO2e per year by 2030 (at opportunity costs of up to $20 per tCO2e). Afforestation in Africa could sequester 665 Mt CO2 per year, while reduced deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in Africa could reduce emissions by 1,260 Mt CO2e in 2030 (at opportunity costs of up to $10 ...
... emissions by 265 Mt CO2e per year by 2030 (at opportunity costs of up to $20 per tCO2e). Afforestation in Africa could sequester 665 Mt CO2 per year, while reduced deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in Africa could reduce emissions by 1,260 Mt CO2e in 2030 (at opportunity costs of up to $10 ...
Chapter 5 THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
... was even clearer: “[President Clinton] articulated the problems very clearly, but when it came to global action, joining the rest of humanity to address them, there wasn’t very much there.” Clinton’s announcement that he would build political will over the next six months catalyzed both sides of the ...
... was even clearer: “[President Clinton] articulated the problems very clearly, but when it came to global action, joining the rest of humanity to address them, there wasn’t very much there.” Clinton’s announcement that he would build political will over the next six months catalyzed both sides of the ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Current State and Implications for EU
... participating as is shown by the policy developments that we will discuss in the sequel to this paper. After the US decided to defect from the Kyoto Protocol, the EU confirmed its new leadership role in international climate policy. This process has been induced by the events that occurred during th ...
... participating as is shown by the policy developments that we will discuss in the sequel to this paper. After the US decided to defect from the Kyoto Protocol, the EU confirmed its new leadership role in international climate policy. This process has been induced by the events that occurred during th ...
Climate Change Mitigation and the Clean Development
... The research problem The global cement industry is responsible for approximately five to seven percent of CO2 emission (Rosenbaum, 1998; Hoenig and Schneider, 2002; Batelle, 2002). This corresponds to approximately three percent of all greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 1). Almost half of the CO2 emis ...
... The research problem The global cement industry is responsible for approximately five to seven percent of CO2 emission (Rosenbaum, 1998; Hoenig and Schneider, 2002; Batelle, 2002). This corresponds to approximately three percent of all greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 1). Almost half of the CO2 emis ...
Climate Change Negotiations, India`s submissions to the United
... variability and are exposed to enhanced risks from climate change. Climate change will also significantly impact the economic growth and social development of India, where eradication of poverty is the first and overriding priority. It is for this reason that India has a huge stake in the multilater ...
... variability and are exposed to enhanced risks from climate change. Climate change will also significantly impact the economic growth and social development of India, where eradication of poverty is the first and overriding priority. It is for this reason that India has a huge stake in the multilater ...
Chapter 10 - Graduate Institute of International and Development
... Both in the FCCC and the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, developing countries resisted any commitment to limit their greenhouse gas emissions, arguing that they were not responsible for creating the climate change problem and had other priorities, most importantly economic development. However, industr ...
... Both in the FCCC and the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, developing countries resisted any commitment to limit their greenhouse gas emissions, arguing that they were not responsible for creating the climate change problem and had other priorities, most importantly economic development. However, industr ...
analyses Why are we seeing “REDD”? seeing “REDD”?
... countries) of about 5% below the 1990 emission levels. These reductions have to take place during the first Kyoto commitment period (2008-2012). The three flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol are i) emission trading, ii) Joint Implementation (JI) and iii) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). In the ...
... countries) of about 5% below the 1990 emission levels. These reductions have to take place during the first Kyoto commitment period (2008-2012). The three flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol are i) emission trading, ii) Joint Implementation (JI) and iii) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). In the ...
master`s thesis the implementation of kyoto protocol
... ratified by 192 countries. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol, a binding GHG reduction plan, was adopted and entered into force in 2005 after the required number of parties had ratified the agreement (Cirman, Domadenik, Koman & Redek, 2009, p. 31). The Kyoto protocol calls for legally-binding GHG emissions ...
... ratified by 192 countries. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol, a binding GHG reduction plan, was adopted and entered into force in 2005 after the required number of parties had ratified the agreement (Cirman, Domadenik, Koman & Redek, 2009, p. 31). The Kyoto protocol calls for legally-binding GHG emissions ...
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage – What, Why, Where, and Texas’s role
... CCS Directive – Environmental protection and enabling regulation ...
... CCS Directive – Environmental protection and enabling regulation ...
Introduction to UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol
... representing more than 55% of GHG emissions. > Entered into force on February 16th, 2005 after ratification of the Russian Federation (now 163 countries covering 61.6% of global emissions have ratified the protocol). ACME - Session 4 - Introduction to UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol - 23 / 48 ...
... representing more than 55% of GHG emissions. > Entered into force on February 16th, 2005 after ratification of the Russian Federation (now 163 countries covering 61.6% of global emissions have ratified the protocol). ACME - Session 4 - Introduction to UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol - 23 / 48 ...
Trading of Carbon Credits Policy
... A competitive, diversified, efficient and investment-conducive carbon credits trading sector that fosters socio-economic development and induces a less carbon-intensive economy This policy is an important part of Jamaica’s climate change strategy that facilitates reductions in the country’s greenhou ...
... A competitive, diversified, efficient and investment-conducive carbon credits trading sector that fosters socio-economic development and induces a less carbon-intensive economy This policy is an important part of Jamaica’s climate change strategy that facilitates reductions in the country’s greenhou ...
PDF
... As the nations of the world consider alternative international climate policy architectures for the post-2012 period, tradable permit systems are emerging as a preferred domestic instrument for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The two most significant institutions for reducing GHG emissions ...
... As the nations of the world consider alternative international climate policy architectures for the post-2012 period, tradable permit systems are emerging as a preferred domestic instrument for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The two most significant institutions for reducing GHG emissions ...
The Effects of the Kyoto Protocol on Taiwan
... tionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effect,” despite any “lack of full scientific certainty.”15 Additionally, all Parties must enact regulations to “develop, periodically update, [and] publish”16 the communication of information r ...
... tionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effect,” despite any “lack of full scientific certainty.”15 Additionally, all Parties must enact regulations to “develop, periodically update, [and] publish”16 the communication of information r ...
climate mitigation in the least carbon emitting countries
... Box 1.1 The four mitigation initiatives .............................................................................................................. 12 Box 2.1 Defining new and additional climate finance: the case of Finland ...................................................... 19 Box 3.1 The Nai ...
... Box 1.1 The four mitigation initiatives .............................................................................................................. 12 Box 2.1 Defining new and additional climate finance: the case of Finland ...................................................... 19 Box 3.1 The Nai ...
Guide to Climate Change Convention
... of the Parties (COP) to monitor its implementation and continue talks on how best to tackle climate change. The many decisions taken by the COP at its annual sessions now make up a detailed rulebook for the effective implementation of the Convention. When they adopted the Convention, however, govern ...
... of the Parties (COP) to monitor its implementation and continue talks on how best to tackle climate change. The many decisions taken by the COP at its annual sessions now make up a detailed rulebook for the effective implementation of the Convention. When they adopted the Convention, however, govern ...
Low Carbon Development Strategies
... often difficult to link these projects to more strategic considerations at the national level. A shift from CDM activities towards NAMAs implies a move from a bottom-up to a more top-down process in which countries formulate the most appropriate mitigation actions within their LCDS framework. . The ...
... often difficult to link these projects to more strategic considerations at the national level. A shift from CDM activities towards NAMAs implies a move from a bottom-up to a more top-down process in which countries formulate the most appropriate mitigation actions within their LCDS framework. . The ...
2010 - Policy Considerations for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
... The issue of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs was first discussed in academic literature in the early 1990s (Rudd et al., 1993). Despite increasing interest in the topic, the issue remains relatively unknown outside the scientific community involved directly in the research, which has been o ...
... The issue of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs was first discussed in academic literature in the early 1990s (Rudd et al., 1993). Despite increasing interest in the topic, the issue remains relatively unknown outside the scientific community involved directly in the research, which has been o ...
Arimura - Viessmann European Research Centre
... The price does not reach $10 until 2019. The demand for CDM is limited during the Kyoto commitment period. However, with banking, there may be demand for CDM before 2019. ...
... The price does not reach $10 until 2019. The demand for CDM is limited during the Kyoto commitment period. However, with banking, there may be demand for CDM before 2019. ...
The End of the Kyoto Protocol - Digital Commons @ Georgia Law
... The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement, adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997, that has attempted to deal with the issue of greenhouse gas emissions.47 The agreement entered into force on February 16, 2005,48 and currently includes 194 countries and the European Union as parties to ...
... The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement, adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997, that has attempted to deal with the issue of greenhouse gas emissions.47 The agreement entered into force on February 16, 2005,48 and currently includes 194 countries and the European Union as parties to ...
Clean Development Mechanism
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the Flexible Mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.The CDM is defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, and is intended to meet two objectives: (1) to assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is to prevent dangerous climate change; and (2) to assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments (greenhouse gas (GHG) emission caps). ""Annex I"" parties are those countries that are listed in Annex I of the treaty, and are the industrialized countries. Non-Annex I parties are developing countries.The CDM addresses the second objective by allowing the Annex I countries to meet part of their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol by buying Certified Emission Reduction units from CDM emission reduction projects in developing countries (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 14). The projects and the issue of CERs is subject to approval to ensure that these emission reductions are real and ""additional."" The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).The CDM allows industrialized countries to buy CERs and to invest in emission reductions where it is cheapest globally (Grubb, 2003, p. 159). Between 2001, which was the first year CDM projects could be registered and 7 September 2012, the CDM issued 1 billion Certified Emission Reduction units. As of 1 June 2013, 57% of all CERs had been issued for projects based on destroying either HFC-23 (38%) or N2O (19%). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) was included in the CDM carbon offsetting scheme in December 2011.However, a number of weaknesses of the CDM have been identified (World Bank, 2010, p. 265-267). Several of these issues were addressed by the new Program of Activities (PoA) that moves to approving 'bundles' of projects instead of accrediting each project individually. In 2012, the report Climate change, carbon markets and the CDM: A call to action said governments urgently needed to address the future of the CDM. It suggested the CDM was in danger of collapse because of the low price of carbon and the failure of governments to guarantee its existence into the future. Writing on the website of the Climate & Development Knowledge Network, Yolanda Kakabadse, a member of the investigating panel for the report and founder of Fundacion Futuro Latinamericano, said a strong CDM is needed to support the political consensus essential for future climate progress. ""Therefore we must do everything in our hands to keep it working,"" she said.