Download 6 July 2012 - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Joint Intersectoral Task Force on Environmental Indicators
Fifth session
Geneva, 4 – 6 July 2012
Grenhouse Gas Emissions
Introductory Overview
Vladislav Bizek
Consultant to the Secretariat
Structure of Presentation
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Greenhouse gases (GHG)
Origin of GHG
LULUCF (Land use, land use change, forestry)
Presentation of GHG emissions
GHG emission inventory
International legislation, supporting bodies
and financial mechanisms
• Reporting format
Greenhouse gases
Direct GHGs
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Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
F-gases
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HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons)
PFCs (perfluorocarbons)
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Indirect GHGs
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Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides
Sulphur dioxide
NMVOC
Other pollutants with the impact on climate
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Ground-level ozone
Aerosols
Origin of GHGs
Carbon dioxide
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Combustion of fossil fuels in stationary and mobile sources
Certain technologies (e.g. cement production)
Methane
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Agriculture (animal breeding, rice growing)
Mining and transport of fossil fuels
Waste and waste water sector
Nitrous oxide
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Agriculture (fertilizers)
Certain technologies (chemical industry, catalytic convertors in vehicles)
F-gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6)
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Artificial products
LULUCF (Land use, land use change, forestry)
• Important parameter of GHG balance
• Covers emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting
from direct human-induced land use, land-use change and
forestry activities
• It is mandatory for Annex 1 Parties to account for changes in
carbons stocks resulting from deforestation, reforestation and
afforestation and voluntary to account for emissions from
forest management, cropland management, grazing land
management and revegetation
• LULUCF is expressed in CO2
Presentation of GHG emissions - 1
Absolute values of emissions
• Total national emissions
• Emissions at lower territorial levels (region, municipality)
• Emissions per economic sector
Related values of emissions
• Emissions per capita
• Emissions per unit of land
• Emissions per unit of GDP
Presentation of GHG emissions – 2
Aggregation
Particular GHGs have different impact on climate, expressed in
terms of „global warming potential (GWP)“
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CO2 has GWP = 1
Methane has GWP = cca 21
N2O has GWP = cca 310
F-gases have high values of GWP depending on particular chemical species
Aggregated GHG emissions are calculated according to the
formula:
Total emission = S emission of particular GHG x respective GWP
and expressed in tons of CO2 equivalents
Presentation of emissions – 3
GHG Inventory in the Czech Republic (CO2 eq.)
Greenhouse gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
CO2
121.7
125.1
115.5
106.4
Of which emissions
125.4
126.1
120.4
113.4
Of which removals in LULUCF
- 3.6
- 0.9
- 4.9
- 7.0
Methane
12.2
11.8
11.7
11.2
Nitrous oxide
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.3
F-gases
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.1
142.6
146.3
136.4
126.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
Total with LULUCF
International air transport
GHG Emission Inventory
Aggregation of particular GHG emission data
• Calculation: Activity data x emission factor
• Qualified estimate (fugitive emissions)
International methodology
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories at:
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
Updated UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories following incorporation of the provisions of
decision 14/CP.11 at
English version: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2006/sbsta/eng/09.pdf
Russian version: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2006/sbsta/rus/09r.pdf
International legislation, supporting body and
financial mechanisms
1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
• 1997 Kyoto Protocol
Supporting body
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC)
Financial Mechanisms
• EU ETS (EU Emission Trading Scheme)
• JI (Joint Implementation)
• CDM (Clean Development Mechanism)
Reporting format
Common Reporting Format (CRF): Developed under IPPC
Main categories of sources of GHG emissions
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Category 1: Energy
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Of which combustion in stationary sources
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Of which combustion in mobile sources
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Of which fugitive emissions
Category 2: Industrial processes
Category 3: Solvent and other product use
Category 4: Agriculture
Category 5: Land use and forestry
Category 6: Waste
Category 7: Other and natural emissions
Methodology:
Updated UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories following incorporation of the
provisions of decision 14/CP.11 at
English version: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2006/sbsta/eng/09.pdf
Russian version: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2006/sbsta/rus/09r.pdf
Thanks for your attention
Contact: [email protected]