Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
... agreement that commits to climate stabilization at a maximum 2°C temperature increase, consistent with atmospheric CO2 concentrations below 450 parts per million (ppm). Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) will address a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions larger ...
... agreement that commits to climate stabilization at a maximum 2°C temperature increase, consistent with atmospheric CO2 concentrations below 450 parts per million (ppm). Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) will address a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions larger ...
reducing australia`s greenhouse gas emissions— targets and
... advice, assistance with economic modelling and analysis, and international and domestic policy expertise. These contributions have enhanced the quality of the Review and provided evidence to inform the Authority’s recommendations. A number of government departments and public agencies have supported ...
... advice, assistance with economic modelling and analysis, and international and domestic policy expertise. These contributions have enhanced the quality of the Review and provided evidence to inform the Authority’s recommendations. A number of government departments and public agencies have supported ...
Technical Reference Guide for World Climate Negotiations Model
... greenhouse gas emissions futures by allowing access to a rigorous – but rapid and user-friendly – computer simulation of the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and land use decision-making on global temperature and sea level rise. Research shows that many people, including highly educated adults wi ...
... greenhouse gas emissions futures by allowing access to a rigorous – but rapid and user-friendly – computer simulation of the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and land use decision-making on global temperature and sea level rise. Research shows that many people, including highly educated adults wi ...
a call to action - CDM Policy Dialogue
... The world faces an unprecedented triple threat on climate change – an unfortunate confluence of three corrosive trends: ▶▶ The Earth’s climate system is on a precipice, with staggering impacts of climate change already felt around the world. From devastating droughts, floods and extreme storms to ra ...
... The world faces an unprecedented triple threat on climate change – an unfortunate confluence of three corrosive trends: ▶▶ The Earth’s climate system is on a precipice, with staggering impacts of climate change already felt around the world. From devastating droughts, floods and extreme storms to ra ...
10 Years of Experience in Carbon Finance
... Figure 30 – Average monthly prices of CER, pCER & EUAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 31 – Distribution of CDM PoAs (by technology and region) – by number of projects. . . . . . Figure 32 – Distribution of PoAs by host country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Figure 30 – Average monthly prices of CER, pCER & EUAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 31 – Distribution of CDM PoAs (by technology and region) – by number of projects. . . . . . Figure 32 – Distribution of PoAs by host country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
"Prices vs. Quantities at the Inter-Country Level - ETH E
... chosen to internalize a global externality at the inter-country level, e.g. emissions that contribute to climate change. For this purpose, we compare price (emission tax) and quantity (tradable permits) regulations and place special emphasis on potential enforcement concerns of the two instruments. ...
... chosen to internalize a global externality at the inter-country level, e.g. emissions that contribute to climate change. For this purpose, we compare price (emission tax) and quantity (tradable permits) regulations and place special emphasis on potential enforcement concerns of the two instruments. ...
full report - Royal Society of New Zealand
... GHG emissions over the next two to three decades. However, there are only low levels of planting at this time so when current forest stands are harvested our net emissions (gross emissions less CO2 removals) are likely to rise. • Forest sinks can only be an interim solution because there is a limit ...
... GHG emissions over the next two to three decades. However, there are only low levels of planting at this time so when current forest stands are harvested our net emissions (gross emissions less CO2 removals) are likely to rise. • Forest sinks can only be an interim solution because there is a limit ...
REDD and the effort to limit global warming to 2°C
... credits. The model enforces a balance between the supply and demand for emissions reductions in an international, post-2012 compliance market. The demand for emissions reductions in the model is constant and equivalent to the net global emissions reduction commitment for the post-2012 period. The mo ...
... credits. The model enforces a balance between the supply and demand for emissions reductions in an international, post-2012 compliance market. The demand for emissions reductions in the model is constant and equivalent to the net global emissions reduction commitment for the post-2012 period. The mo ...
Intended nationally determined contributions: what are the implications for greenhouse gas emissions in 2030? (opens in new window)
... We have assessed greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 based on INDCs that were submitted by 154 countries by 23 October 2015.8 The objective of our independent analysis of the INDCs is to help inform the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC. We have taken INDCs at face value. Where there is uncertainty, ...
... We have assessed greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 based on INDCs that were submitted by 154 countries by 23 October 2015.8 The objective of our independent analysis of the INDCs is to help inform the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC. We have taken INDCs at face value. Where there is uncertainty, ...
Global Carbon Pricing - Carbon
... since. It’s what happened in Kyoto, although they tried hard to avoid that fate—agreeing to do whatever each country wanted. It’s what happened under the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancún Agreements. It’s happening again in Paris. At least under Kyoto there was a bit of structure. Countries picked co ...
... since. It’s what happened in Kyoto, although they tried hard to avoid that fate—agreeing to do whatever each country wanted. It’s what happened under the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancún Agreements. It’s happening again in Paris. At least under Kyoto there was a bit of structure. Countries picked co ...
Canada`s Emissions Trends 2013
... The 2013 Canada’s Emissions Trends report is subject to rigorous review. The majority of data underlying the assumptions that inform the projections were developed in consultation with provinces, territories and industry and, as was done for the report in 2011, the report has been subject to a peer ...
... The 2013 Canada’s Emissions Trends report is subject to rigorous review. The majority of data underlying the assumptions that inform the projections were developed in consultation with provinces, territories and industry and, as was done for the report in 2011, the report has been subject to a peer ...
INTERPRETING INDCs - World Resources Institute
... trajectory that national emissions are expected to follow in advance of the target year. Although having an end point (or GHG emissions level) in mind is good practice for goal-setting, it is ultimately the trajectory of a country’s GHG emissions and the cumulative emissions released to the atmosphe ...
... trajectory that national emissions are expected to follow in advance of the target year. Although having an end point (or GHG emissions level) in mind is good practice for goal-setting, it is ultimately the trajectory of a country’s GHG emissions and the cumulative emissions released to the atmosphe ...
Including International Forest Carbon Incentives
... Economic models suggest that over the next 20 years, carbon prices of US$10–$302 per metric ton3 of CO2 (tCO2) could generate reductions of 1–4 billion tCO2/year globally through avoided deforestation. The models suggest that this amount could be as much as doubled if other options such as afforesta ...
... Economic models suggest that over the next 20 years, carbon prices of US$10–$302 per metric ton3 of CO2 (tCO2) could generate reductions of 1–4 billion tCO2/year globally through avoided deforestation. The models suggest that this amount could be as much as doubled if other options such as afforesta ...
Kyoto Protocol and CDM
... • Description of the baseline methodology and justification of choice, including an assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the methodology • Description of key parameters, data sources and assumptions used in the baseline estimate, and assessment of uncertainties • Projections of baseline emissio ...
... • Description of the baseline methodology and justification of choice, including an assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the methodology • Description of key parameters, data sources and assumptions used in the baseline estimate, and assessment of uncertainties • Projections of baseline emissio ...
Price Caps and Price Floors in Climate Policy
... costs of acting, the many uncertainties relative to the cost of such a big shift in our energy system make actual implementation problematic for many governments. Policies that have ill-defined costs may be unpopular and there will be resistance to adopting them. Price caps or “safety valves”, and p ...
... costs of acting, the many uncertainties relative to the cost of such a big shift in our energy system make actual implementation problematic for many governments. Policies that have ill-defined costs may be unpopular and there will be resistance to adopting them. Price caps or “safety valves”, and p ...
Leadership in Climate Change Mitigation
... • Free riding increases in bB , the marginal benefit of abatement of the follower. If the benefit of environmental quality is strongly curved, the follower reacts strongly to emission reductions by the leader. • A high abatement cost parameter increases free riding, since the gains of country B from ...
... • Free riding increases in bB , the marginal benefit of abatement of the follower. If the benefit of environmental quality is strongly curved, the follower reacts strongly to emission reductions by the leader. • A high abatement cost parameter increases free riding, since the gains of country B from ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Committee on Climate Change
... but much better than the 4 to 5°C to which we would be committed on a business-as-usual course. To meet the globally agreed 2°C limit, further actions will be required. There will be discussion in Paris of how that can be achieved, including through transparent evidence about progress and a ratchet ...
... but much better than the 4 to 5°C to which we would be committed on a business-as-usual course. To meet the globally agreed 2°C limit, further actions will be required. There will be discussion in Paris of how that can be achieved, including through transparent evidence about progress and a ratchet ...
in ACP.
... Besides the continental eastern US and western Europe the largest emissions from air traffic also occur over the North Atlantic, though further north than the shipping maxima. In the southern hemisphere NOx emissions are largely dominated by non-traffic sources and biomass burning. The simulation pe ...
... Besides the continental eastern US and western Europe the largest emissions from air traffic also occur over the North Atlantic, though further north than the shipping maxima. In the southern hemisphere NOx emissions are largely dominated by non-traffic sources and biomass burning. The simulation pe ...
State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007
... State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007 – Picking Up Steam Based on these figures, we estimate that the voluntary OTC market was worth US$54.9 million in 2006. Together with the CCX market, whose prices ranged from around US$1.50 to almost US$5, we estimate the global voluntary market was worth ...
... State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007 – Picking Up Steam Based on these figures, we estimate that the voluntary OTC market was worth US$54.9 million in 2006. Together with the CCX market, whose prices ranged from around US$1.50 to almost US$5, we estimate the global voluntary market was worth ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2013 www.unep.org
... Annex I countries The industrialised countries (and those in transition to a market economy) that took on obligations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Biomass plus carbon capture and storage (BioCCS) Use of energy produced from ...
... Annex I countries The industrialised countries (and those in transition to a market economy) that took on obligations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Biomass plus carbon capture and storage (BioCCS) Use of energy produced from ...
Module: Introduction
... - to guarantee that this happens in an environmentally sustainable way, limiting the increase of temperature to below 2°C. OUR STRATEGY Consistent with this vision, Eni has established an integrated strategy to actively contribute to the energy transition based on three fundamental pillars: 1. to pr ...
... - to guarantee that this happens in an environmentally sustainable way, limiting the increase of temperature to below 2°C. OUR STRATEGY Consistent with this vision, Eni has established an integrated strategy to actively contribute to the energy transition based on three fundamental pillars: 1. to pr ...
Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions
... can be derived directly from the emission capacity by calculation of photosynthesis and hence J at standard conditions. This derivation assumes that either there is no storage of monoterpenes, or the storage pool is in a steady state. Although this assumption might be invalid for individual cases on ...
... can be derived directly from the emission capacity by calculation of photosynthesis and hence J at standard conditions. This derivation assumes that either there is no storage of monoterpenes, or the storage pool is in a steady state. Although this assumption might be invalid for individual cases on ...
CDM in Crisis – What is at Stake?
... When used as an offset mechanism, the CDM needs to ensure that every CER represents a real reduction in emissions. If projects are nonadditional, global net GHG emissions will rise. The UNFCCC’s additionality tool has grown increasingly complex and robust over time. Project owners must demonstrate t ...
... When used as an offset mechanism, the CDM needs to ensure that every CER represents a real reduction in emissions. If projects are nonadditional, global net GHG emissions will rise. The UNFCCC’s additionality tool has grown increasingly complex and robust over time. Project owners must demonstrate t ...
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON REPORTING GREENHOUSE GAS
... the production process. PFCs means perfluorocarbons. Pipeline transportation system means all pipelines that are owned or operated by the same person within a province or territory and that transport processed natural gas, and their associated installations including storage installations but exclud ...
... the production process. PFCs means perfluorocarbons. Pipeline transportation system means all pipelines that are owned or operated by the same person within a province or territory and that transport processed natural gas, and their associated installations including storage installations but exclud ...