Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy
... attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when agents had been aware for over ten years that a policy on greenhouse gas emissions was likely to come into force. In this paper we study how emissions are ...
... attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite way. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started on January 1, 2008, when agents had been aware for over ten years that a policy on greenhouse gas emissions was likely to come into force. In this paper we study how emissions are ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper
... impact on business and households. The Government’s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will, for the first time, place a limit, or cap, on the amount of carbon pollution industry can emit. It will require affected businesses and industry to buy a ‘pollution permit’ for each tonne of carbon they contr ...
... impact on business and households. The Government’s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will, for the first time, place a limit, or cap, on the amount of carbon pollution industry can emit. It will require affected businesses and industry to buy a ‘pollution permit’ for each tonne of carbon they contr ...
A brief description of models used in this staff working document
... latter are defined as intersection of different soil, slope and altitude classes, with a 0.5˚ grid, and with the country boundaries. Finally, three bio-energy production pathways are taken into account: (1) biofuels based on conventional feedstocks (sugar cane, maize, soybeans and rapeseed), (2) bio ...
... latter are defined as intersection of different soil, slope and altitude classes, with a 0.5˚ grid, and with the country boundaries. Finally, three bio-energy production pathways are taken into account: (1) biofuels based on conventional feedstocks (sugar cane, maize, soybeans and rapeseed), (2) bio ...
Cars, carbon taxes and CO2 emissions
... The Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) was established by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economi ...
... The Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) was established by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economi ...
... greenhouse gas emissions on ecosystems and economic growth is expected to vary across regions, countries, and economic sectors, a panel of 18 climate change economists convened by GAO in coordination with the National Academy of Sciences agreed that the Congress should consider using a market-based ...
A Low Carbon Route Map - Keep Scotland Beautiful
... The numbers shown above are for agriculture in the UK, rather than for the world-wide agricultural systems which supply the UK (see Table 1 in the Information Section). However, the numbers give an indication of the largest sources of agricultural emissions associated with the food we eat. A further ...
... The numbers shown above are for agriculture in the UK, rather than for the world-wide agricultural systems which supply the UK (see Table 1 in the Information Section). However, the numbers give an indication of the largest sources of agricultural emissions associated with the food we eat. A further ...
Climate Change Policies and the UK Business Sector: Overview, Impacts and Suggestions for Reform
... 2020s. Large emissions reductions are expected from the power sector, as well as in other industrial sectors, as fossil fuels are gradually replaced by low-carbon energy sources. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC, 2010b), in its ‘medium abatement scenario’, envisages an annual emissions reduction ...
... 2020s. Large emissions reductions are expected from the power sector, as well as in other industrial sectors, as fossil fuels are gradually replaced by low-carbon energy sources. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC, 2010b), in its ‘medium abatement scenario’, envisages an annual emissions reduction ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... program as well as the challenges of reducing forest carbon emissions when the land sector is not subject to a strict emissions cap. A successful REDD program requires addressing permanence (ensuring that emissions reductions from preserving forests are not reversed later or are made up if a reversa ...
... program as well as the challenges of reducing forest carbon emissions when the land sector is not subject to a strict emissions cap. A successful REDD program requires addressing permanence (ensuring that emissions reductions from preserving forests are not reversed later or are made up if a reversa ...
Climate Change: Comparison of S. 2191 as Amendment
... total number of offsets potentially available in a given year. The example below illustrates this substantial change: In 2012, both S. 2191 and the Boxer Amendment set the number of allowances available to covered entities at 5,775 million allowances. In the reported version, a covered facility must ...
... total number of offsets potentially available in a given year. The example below illustrates this substantial change: In 2012, both S. 2191 and the Boxer Amendment set the number of allowances available to covered entities at 5,775 million allowances. In the reported version, a covered facility must ...
Combating Global Climate Change - University of Michigan Law
... into the United States. A carbon tax would enable the market to account for the societal costs of carbon dioxide emissions and thereby promote emission reductions, just like a cap and trade system. A carbon tax would be easier to implement and enforce, however, and simpler to adjust if the resulting ...
... into the United States. A carbon tax would enable the market to account for the societal costs of carbon dioxide emissions and thereby promote emission reductions, just like a cap and trade system. A carbon tax would be easier to implement and enforce, however, and simpler to adjust if the resulting ...
estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills: application to
... to emit GHG, possibly for several hundreds of years (Borjesson et al., 2004). Globally, efforts are being made to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from various sources, waste sector is one of them. The Kyoto protocol in Europe foresees the reduction of the principal anthropogenic emissions of t ...
... to emit GHG, possibly for several hundreds of years (Borjesson et al., 2004). Globally, efforts are being made to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from various sources, waste sector is one of them. The Kyoto protocol in Europe foresees the reduction of the principal anthropogenic emissions of t ...
prospects and pitfalls of the kyoto protocol to the united nations
... undertaken for the purposes of the CDM. At the risk of oversimplification, two opposing positions have arisen in relation to this issue. On the one hand, developing nations have argued that it is their sovereign right under the principles of international environmental law to determine which CDM pro ...
... undertaken for the purposes of the CDM. At the risk of oversimplification, two opposing positions have arisen in relation to this issue. On the one hand, developing nations have argued that it is their sovereign right under the principles of international environmental law to determine which CDM pro ...
S2013034_en.pdf
... countries, but can also be reflected in commitments for different sectors/activities worldwide and for developing countries on the basis of criteria of responsibility and capability (Samaniego, 2009). Stern (2008) estimates that an agreement to reduce emissions by 100% by 2050, will only be met if d ...
... countries, but can also be reflected in commitments for different sectors/activities worldwide and for developing countries on the basis of criteria of responsibility and capability (Samaniego, 2009). Stern (2008) estimates that an agreement to reduce emissions by 100% by 2050, will only be met if d ...
Climate Change and Tax Policy - Digital Commons @ Boston
... In 1997, world leaders assembled in Kyoto, Japan to address climate change. Led by the United Nations, these world leaders created the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement specifically designed to reduce the total GHG emissions of both developed countries an ...
... In 1997, world leaders assembled in Kyoto, Japan to address climate change. Led by the United Nations, these world leaders created the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement specifically designed to reduce the total GHG emissions of both developed countries an ...
Chapter 10 - Graduate Institute of International and Development
... at least initially, only to industrialized countries (listed in Annex I of the FCCC, and generally referred to as “Annex I parties”). After months of deadlock in the pre-Rio negotiations, the United Kingdom and United States finally brokered a compromise formulation on an emissions target and timeta ...
... at least initially, only to industrialized countries (listed in Annex I of the FCCC, and generally referred to as “Annex I parties”). After months of deadlock in the pre-Rio negotiations, the United Kingdom and United States finally brokered a compromise formulation on an emissions target and timeta ...
CO2 Greenhouse calcs - Digging in the Clay
... In 2005 Bjorn Lomborg, (the sceptical environmentalist), now much vilified by his by his previous Green colleagues said2: “Even if everyone (including the United States) applied the Kyoto rules and stuck to them throughout the century, the change would be almost immeasurable, postponing warming for ...
... In 2005 Bjorn Lomborg, (the sceptical environmentalist), now much vilified by his by his previous Green colleagues said2: “Even if everyone (including the United States) applied the Kyoto rules and stuck to them throughout the century, the change would be almost immeasurable, postponing warming for ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Current State and Implications for EU
... Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, which induced a process that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This climate treaty established for the first time binding emission targets for industrialised countries and was welcomed as a landmark in international climate policy. However, in March ...
... Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, which induced a process that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This climate treaty established for the first time binding emission targets for industrialised countries and was welcomed as a landmark in international climate policy. However, in March ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... emissions of sulphates that cause cooling, are input as single projections over time, which do not vary across abatement scenarios. In PAGE09 the excess forcing from gases not explicitly modelled, and the sulphate emissions, are now allowed to vary by abatement policy, so that, for instance, the ...
... emissions of sulphates that cause cooling, are input as single projections over time, which do not vary across abatement scenarios. In PAGE09 the excess forcing from gases not explicitly modelled, and the sulphate emissions, are now allowed to vary by abatement policy, so that, for instance, the ...
Consultation information and questions
... The ambiguity will be resolved by including a definition in the Forestry Regulations. Tree age will be determined as starting from the time of planting; not propagation. This will resolve concerns with the way the current rule accounts for trees that have been grown in a nursery for one or more year ...
... The ambiguity will be resolved by including a definition in the Forestry Regulations. Tree age will be determined as starting from the time of planting; not propagation. This will resolve concerns with the way the current rule accounts for trees that have been grown in a nursery for one or more year ...
Climate change policies and the UK business sector Nov2013 (opens in new window)
... 2020s. Large emissions reductions are expected from the power sector, as well as in other industrial sectors, as fossil fuels are gradually replaced by low-carbon energy sources. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC, 2010b), in its ‘medium abatement scenario’, envisages an annual emissions reduction ...
... 2020s. Large emissions reductions are expected from the power sector, as well as in other industrial sectors, as fossil fuels are gradually replaced by low-carbon energy sources. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC, 2010b), in its ‘medium abatement scenario’, envisages an annual emissions reduction ...
Climate phoenix - Grattan Institute
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
DOC 129KB - Climate Change Authority
... Australia’s 2020 emissions reductions target range is specified as a percentage reduction in absolute emissions compared to a base year: 5–15 or 25 per cent below 2000 levels. Countries can also set emissions budgets for a period: for example, the United Kingdom has set four carbon budgets to 2027; ...
... Australia’s 2020 emissions reductions target range is specified as a percentage reduction in absolute emissions compared to a base year: 5–15 or 25 per cent below 2000 levels. Countries can also set emissions budgets for a period: for example, the United Kingdom has set four carbon budgets to 2027; ...
1.2 South Korea`s contribution (INDC)
... the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It has become the second largest ETS in operation after the EU ETS. In the Kyoto Protocol, “flexible mechanisms” were introduced to lower the overall costs of achieving its mitigation target. These mechanisms include Clean Development Mechanism ( ...
... the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It has become the second largest ETS in operation after the EU ETS. In the Kyoto Protocol, “flexible mechanisms” were introduced to lower the overall costs of achieving its mitigation target. These mechanisms include Clean Development Mechanism ( ...
CSPR Briefing C SP R B
... be initiated by other actors than Annex I parties, such as unilateral projects. CDM has two objectives, reductions of greenhouse gases and sustainable development. When CDM projects reduces or removes emissions it acquires certified emission reductions (CERs) (UNFCCC, 2006b). CER is a unit based on ...
... be initiated by other actors than Annex I parties, such as unilateral projects. CDM has two objectives, reductions of greenhouse gases and sustainable development. When CDM projects reduces or removes emissions it acquires certified emission reductions (CERs) (UNFCCC, 2006b). CER is a unit based on ...
a carbon price
... adjust their investment, their mix of inputs and their innovation away from greenhouse-gasintensive technologies, and for consumers to reduce their spending on high-carbon products. • It is difficult to be sure what the precise level of the carbon price should be and how exactly to introduce it cou ...
... adjust their investment, their mix of inputs and their innovation away from greenhouse-gasintensive technologies, and for consumers to reduce their spending on high-carbon products. • It is difficult to be sure what the precise level of the carbon price should be and how exactly to introduce it cou ...