kg/ha/yr - Clinton Devon Estates
... dependent on fossil fuels whether for fuels or fertiliser. Developments underway or under consideration at Clinton Devon show the potential for renewable energy (and renewable fuels) combined with changes in farming practices to reduce GHG emissions. But the targets being set by the Committee on Cli ...
... dependent on fossil fuels whether for fuels or fertiliser. Developments underway or under consideration at Clinton Devon show the potential for renewable energy (and renewable fuels) combined with changes in farming practices to reduce GHG emissions. But the targets being set by the Committee on Cli ...
The scientific and international context for the fifth
... Under the Climate Change Act (2008) the Committee is required to advise the Government, by the end of 2015, on the level of the UK’s fifth carbon budget. The budget will set the limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the UK between 2028 and 2032. The fifth budget marks the ha ...
... Under the Climate Change Act (2008) the Committee is required to advise the Government, by the end of 2015, on the level of the UK’s fifth carbon budget. The budget will set the limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the UK between 2028 and 2032. The fifth budget marks the ha ...
9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... change mitigation goals, mechanisms for international collaboration will need to be in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by ...
... change mitigation goals, mechanisms for international collaboration will need to be in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by ...
Download (PDF)
... In this paper, we analyze the problem of designing a self-enforcing international environmental agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an ...
... In this paper, we analyze the problem of designing a self-enforcing international environmental agreement for climate change. Addressing questions of whether a country will choose to participate in a climate change agreement, or if participating will choose to comply with an agreement, requires an ...
2010_09_icao_grounded PDF, 750.6 KByte
... aviation emissions growth in the short-to-medium term in a cost-effective manner through a combination of in-sector reductions and open trading with other sectors. ICAO principles of equal treatment must be upheld to avoid market distortions while the UN Climate change principle of common but differ ...
... aviation emissions growth in the short-to-medium term in a cost-effective manner through a combination of in-sector reductions and open trading with other sectors. ICAO principles of equal treatment must be upheld to avoid market distortions while the UN Climate change principle of common but differ ...
What are the main money instruments used by the CDM?
... issues them to Annex I (Developed) countries that invests in developments that both reduce emissions and promote sustainable development in Non-Annex (developing) countries (Francois & Hamaide 2011). In the first 8 years of the CDM (from 2004 to 2012) 6,725 projects have commenced creating 2.73 bill ...
... issues them to Annex I (Developed) countries that invests in developments that both reduce emissions and promote sustainable development in Non-Annex (developing) countries (Francois & Hamaide 2011). In the first 8 years of the CDM (from 2004 to 2012) 6,725 projects have commenced creating 2.73 bill ...
3. estimated financial impact of the proposal/initiative
... the EU climate policy framework, as of 2021. Up to this date, the Kyoto Protocol places constraints on the EU and each of its Member States, as they need to ensure that the LULUCF sector does not yield extra emissions. However, the Kyoto Protocol will expire at the end of 2020. Consequently, governa ...
... the EU climate policy framework, as of 2021. Up to this date, the Kyoto Protocol places constraints on the EU and each of its Member States, as they need to ensure that the LULUCF sector does not yield extra emissions. However, the Kyoto Protocol will expire at the end of 2020. Consequently, governa ...
Less pain, more gain: the potential of carbon pricing to reduce Europe’s fiscal deficits (3 MB) (opens in new window)
... The over-riding challenge for many European governments today is to reduce major fiscal deficits with the least collateral damage to the economy. Fiscal consolidation remains a key policy driver in many European Union countries. Notably, in March 2012, 25 EU Member States signed the Treaty on Stabil ...
... The over-riding challenge for many European governments today is to reduce major fiscal deficits with the least collateral damage to the economy. Fiscal consolidation remains a key policy driver in many European Union countries. Notably, in March 2012, 25 EU Member States signed the Treaty on Stabil ...
PDF
... The (0,0) point on the plot corresponds to 2005. When one moves along one of the four safety lines up and to the left of the diagram, global emissions remain equal to one of the four selected carbon budgets (1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 GtCO2), but emissions from Annex I are replaced by emissions from N ...
... The (0,0) point on the plot corresponds to 2005. When one moves along one of the four safety lines up and to the left of the diagram, global emissions remain equal to one of the four selected carbon budgets (1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 GtCO2), but emissions from Annex I are replaced by emissions from N ...
From Kyoto to Copenhagen - Law, Environment and Development
... they are for the post 2012 commitment period. The main finding of this paper is that even though markets are inevitable for climate change mitigation, the current flexible mechanisms have deficiencies which must be corrected if they are to be included in the next climate regime. These include the ab ...
... they are for the post 2012 commitment period. The main finding of this paper is that even though markets are inevitable for climate change mitigation, the current flexible mechanisms have deficiencies which must be corrected if they are to be included in the next climate regime. These include the ab ...
A New Approach to Climate Change: A Consideration of Ancillary
... “regional” period, is marked by the adoption of the European Union Emissions Trading System in 2005. Regional initiatives began to develop, even in countries like the U.S. who had refused a binding global treaty. The Northeast Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), conceived of in 2003 and imple ...
... “regional” period, is marked by the adoption of the European Union Emissions Trading System in 2005. Regional initiatives began to develop, even in countries like the U.S. who had refused a binding global treaty. The Northeast Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), conceived of in 2003 and imple ...
Australia`s carbon budget based on global effort sharing
... reducing emissions. The spent budget is equal to the accumulated emissions between 1990 and 2013, as given by official Australian historic data and projections. Scenario 3 (“Delayed action”) assumes that emissions follow official Australian historic data until 2012 and the develop linearly towards t ...
... reducing emissions. The spent budget is equal to the accumulated emissions between 1990 and 2013, as given by official Australian historic data and projections. Scenario 3 (“Delayed action”) assumes that emissions follow official Australian historic data until 2012 and the develop linearly towards t ...
Document
... Incentives to reduce emissions from the loss of forests (deforestation and degradation) and to preserve and enhance their carbon stocks. ...
... Incentives to reduce emissions from the loss of forests (deforestation and degradation) and to preserve and enhance their carbon stocks. ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
publication - International Energy Agency
... these guidelines some fuel combustion emissions have been reallocated out of the Source category energy and reclassified as industrial process emissions. Information on “key sources” from fuel combustion, as developed in the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhou ...
... these guidelines some fuel combustion emissions have been reallocated out of the Source category energy and reclassified as industrial process emissions. Information on “key sources” from fuel combustion, as developed in the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhou ...
english - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... sustainable and universally accessible tourism”, will work closely with other UN bodies to support this activity. UNWTO is seeking ways for tourism constituents, including tourists themselves as well as providers, both to adapt to climate change and to mitigate GHG emissions while reinforcing the co ...
... sustainable and universally accessible tourism”, will work closely with other UN bodies to support this activity. UNWTO is seeking ways for tourism constituents, including tourists themselves as well as providers, both to adapt to climate change and to mitigate GHG emissions while reinforcing the co ...
The Climate Change-Energy Challenge
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol*
... We recommend that the successor to the Kyoto Protocol (“Kyoto II”) impose mandatory ceilings on rich countries’ greenhouse gas emissions and that it promote the participation of developing countries. Our proposal requires two major changes to the current Protocol, the use of an escape clause and the ...
... We recommend that the successor to the Kyoto Protocol (“Kyoto II”) impose mandatory ceilings on rich countries’ greenhouse gas emissions and that it promote the participation of developing countries. Our proposal requires two major changes to the current Protocol, the use of an escape clause and the ...
The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate
... Montreal Protocol. The scenario starts in 1975 (Figs. 1 and 2) by increasing CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the baseline scenario with a 3–7% range of annual growth rates. The difference above the baseline scenario becomes substantial quickly with a 7% annual growth rate causing a doubling in a decade. The 7% ...
... Montreal Protocol. The scenario starts in 1975 (Figs. 1 and 2) by increasing CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the baseline scenario with a 3–7% range of annual growth rates. The difference above the baseline scenario becomes substantial quickly with a 7% annual growth rate causing a doubling in a decade. The 7% ...
PDF
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
Working Paper 177 - Grodecka & Kuralbayeva (opens in new window)
... and Environmental Economics. Anna Grodecka acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE). Karlygash Kuralbayeva acknowledges financial support by Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), the Grantham Foundation for the P ...
... and Environmental Economics. Anna Grodecka acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE). Karlygash Kuralbayeva acknowledges financial support by Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), the Grantham Foundation for the P ...
PDF
... the global mean temperature is likely to increase between 1.4 °C and 5.8 °C by the end of this century (IPCC, 2007). To tackle global warming and climate change at the global level, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was formed which put forth the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 ( ...
... the global mean temperature is likely to increase between 1.4 °C and 5.8 °C by the end of this century (IPCC, 2007). To tackle global warming and climate change at the global level, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was formed which put forth the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 ( ...
implications of long-term scenarios for medium
... the heat trapped by the gas compared with the amount of heat trapped by CO2. As different greenhouse gases have different lifetimes in the atmosphere, the GWP values depend on the evaluation period. Typically, 100 years is taken for this. Similarly to emissions, there is also an interest in summaris ...
... the heat trapped by the gas compared with the amount of heat trapped by CO2. As different greenhouse gases have different lifetimes in the atmosphere, the GWP values depend on the evaluation period. Typically, 100 years is taken for this. Similarly to emissions, there is also an interest in summaris ...
cyngor cefn gwlad cymru ccw p 08 02
... means certain that climate change will result in increased methane emissions from wetlands, particularly in any locality experiencing seasonal decreases in rainfall – as projected for the summer in Wales. vi) Wetland methane emissions in the context of their restoration and management Changes in la ...
... means certain that climate change will result in increased methane emissions from wetlands, particularly in any locality experiencing seasonal decreases in rainfall – as projected for the summer in Wales. vi) Wetland methane emissions in the context of their restoration and management Changes in la ...
A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol
... problem. The absence of institutions that compel signatories to carry out their commitments has weakened the Kyoto Protocol. Our escape clause proposal addresses the enforcement problem by transforming an exotic commitment (reduction of emissions) into a familiar requirement (payment of an internati ...
... problem. The absence of institutions that compel signatories to carry out their commitments has weakened the Kyoto Protocol. Our escape clause proposal addresses the enforcement problem by transforming an exotic commitment (reduction of emissions) into a familiar requirement (payment of an internati ...