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Transcript
Climate change, Does it matter? Martin Hedberg meteorologist Swedish Weather Center Weather (Precipitation, clouds, winds, humidity, temperature…) Natures way of balancing forces in the atmosphere. Climate Climate: Statistics about the weather. Climate is the average weather pattern over a longer period of time. 100 years Climate change (Weather patterns, glaciers, sea level rise…) Climate change is a significant change in weather patterns. When you put it in the perspective of a longer period of time you find it has happened many times before. 100 000 years Greenhouse effect At any planet with an atmosphere. Energy radiates from the earth surface Energy radiates from the atmosphere Radiation from the sun warms the earth’s surface Greenhouse gases are being warmed by the radiation from earth Without With greenhouse gases: +15 -18 degrees! degrees! - Climate change External causes Solar activity Earths orbit Meteorites Internal causes Natural Internal causes Anthropogenic Feedback Emissions of greenhouse gases Volcanic eruption Particles/clouds Chance Land change Greenhouse gases (has a warming effect) Left in the atmosphere for 100 years Particles (mostly a cooling effect) Left in the atmosphere for 1 week Roger Revelle and Hans E. Suess. Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades. Tellus 1957. Carbon dioxide is used to describe how we affect the climate Easy to make statistics from Easy to compare to historical climate There are more greenhouse gases, both natural and anthropogenic There are more things than greenhouse gases that affect the climate Climate change within 100 years: About half an ice age, but on the warm side Year 2100? Year 2000 Year 1900 Ice age Temperature as a tool to measure climate change Easy to make statistics from Easy to compare to historical Might misunderstand climate change ”climate-temperature” vs. daily temperature Climate change is also precipitation, humidity, winds etc The thermometer is how we measure climate change But it isn’t about the temperature itself. It is all about the consequences. Ideström & Skinnarmo It’s getting warmer. More evaporation. And more rain. Sea-levels are rising, Glaciers are melting, Extreme weather... Plants and animals adapt, or disappear. People and societies adapt. Humanity's large self-deception ”It’s just natural climate change” ”When we understand all the physics, we can stop it” ”Somebody else has to lower their emissions” Many small steps. They all add up. More effective use of energy Renewable energy Capture carbon dioxide from both bio-fuels and fossil fuels Average temperature rises More/heavier precipitation Flooding, landslides… Weather patterns change When, where, how often, strength… More evaporation. Drought, erosion, wildfires… Climate has… Long braking distance Climate has… Domino effects Climate has… Many irreversible processes YES Climate change matters. As usual.
